Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XIX. EXILARCHS; THE TALMUD AT THE STAKE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT AT THE PRESENT TIME. Since the colleges were open in Palestine and Babylon, after the destruction of the Temple, there were two kinds...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Title Page : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], THE HISTORY OF THE TALMUD From The Time Of Its Formation, About 200 B. C., Up To The Present Time DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES VOLUME I.--ITS DEVELOPMENT AND THE PERSECUTIONS SINCE ITS BIRTH UP TO DATE...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 18 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 1 PART I. HISTORICAL AND LITERARY INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW EDITION OF THE TALMUD. CHAPTER I. THE COMBINATION OF THE GEMARA, THE SOPHRIM, AND THE ESHCALATH. Voluminous books were written about the text...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 06 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER II. Let us now try to give a few outlines of the ethical teachings of the Talmud. In the first place, concerning MAN AS A MORAL BEING. In accordance with the teaching of the Bible, the rabbis duly...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 04 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 104 CHAPTER XVI. THE PERSECUTIONS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, THE HEAD OF WHOM WAS JOHANN ANDREAS EISENMENGER. The victory of Reuchlin, and the establishment of the Reformation by Luther...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 02 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II., PAGE 24 We have to repeat again that we do not see any reason why the more prominent sages should not be mentioned. To quote all of those omitted, both of Tanaim and Amoraim, with...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 14 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER V. APOCRYPHAL APPENDICES TO THE TALMUD AND COMMENTARIES. Besides the Masechtoth contained in the Mishna and the two Gemaras, there are several Masechtoth composed in the form of the Mishn...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 12 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER VIII. ISLAM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE TALMUD. In 622, the Hebrew religion gave birth to a second daughter, Mohammedanism--founded by Mahomet of Mecca among the tribes of Arabia, who had lived...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 08 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XII. THE DOCTORS OF FRANCE. AUTHORS OF THE TOSPHOTH. Through the Tosphoth which were begun by Rashi's own descendants as his two sons-in-law, Meir b. Samuel and Jehudah bar Nathan and the sons...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 16 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 13 CHAPTER IV. THE THIRD CENTURY--THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MISHNAS--THE TALMUDIC COLLEGES OF PALESTINE AND BABYLONIA. The sages, the commentators of the Talmud, differed in opinion as to the epoch when...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 10 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 58 CHAPTER VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MODERN WORKS AND MONOGRAPHS ON TALMUDIC SUBJECTS. (Arranged with reference to subjects and in alphabetical order of authors). HAGADA. W. Bacher. Die Agada der Tannaiten...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 04 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], Plate facing page 100: Page of the Talmud in Hebrew ("125,827 bytes")
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 02 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XVIII. THE AFFAIR OF ROHLING-BLOCH. Dr. August Rohling, professor in Prague, wrote a pamphlet, the "Talmudjude," sixth edition, 1877, in the German language, the previous editions of which were...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 06 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XIV. REUCHLIN, PFEFFERKORN, AND THE TALMUD IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. Joseph or John Pfefferkorn was a German Jew, who lived in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He w...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 18 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TALMUD DURING THE LAST CENTURY OF THE SECOND TEMPLE'S EXISTENCE ("i.e." THE FIRST A.C.) SHEMAIA--ABTALIAN--HILLEL--SHAMMAI--THE PRINCES (NASIS) OF ISRAEL--R. JOHANAN B...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 16 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER III. THE AMORAIM OR EXPOUNDERS OF THE MISHNA. As the Mishna compilation of R. Jehuda Hanasi became the authoritative code of the oral Law, the activity of the p. 23 teachers was principally devoted...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 08 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER X. OPINIONS ON THE VALUE OF THE TALMUD BY GENTILES AND MODERN JEWISH SCHOLARS. No literary monument of antiquity has ever been subject to so different and opposite views and opinions, as the Talmud...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 10 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER X. THE SPANISH WRITERS. A BRIEF SURVEY OF THEIR WRITINGS RELATING TO THE TALMUD. Although the aim of this, our work, is to give a history of the Talmud alone, not of the whole Jewish literature...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Appendix B : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], APPENDIX B. CRITICISM TO CHAPTER VII (KARAITES). THE BELIEF OF SADDUCEES, KARAITES, AND OF THE REFORMED JEWS. DR. MICHAEL L. RODKINSON. Sir:--Having read your article about the "The Karaites" in "...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 14 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER VI. THE PERSECUTIONS OF THE TALMUD IN THE PERSIAN AND BYZANTINE EMPIRES IN THE SIXTH CENTURY AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE TALMUD. In the reign of Kobad (Cabades) in Persia, a fanatic reformer named Mazdak...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 12 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER VI. EPITOMES, CODIFICATIONS, MANUSCRIPTS AND PRINTED EDITIONS OF THE TALMUD. INTRODUCTORY. Since the Babylonian Talmud was considered by most of the Jewish communities in all countries as the source...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Preface : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. v PREFACE. THE ancient authors used to begin the prefaces to their works with the proverb "Sepher be Lo Hakdamha kegnph be Lo nechamaha"," which means "A book without a preface is similar to a body...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Introduction : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 1 INTRODUCTION. The persecutors of the Talmud during the period ranging from the first century B.C., when it began to take form, to the present day, have varied in their character, objects and actions...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 19 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 5 THE HISTORY OF THE TALMUD. CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME "TALMUD"--THE SAMARITANS--ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES--THE SADDUCEES. The name "written law" was given to the Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiograph...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 07 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XIII. RELIGIOUS DISPUTES OF ALL PERIODS. From the earliest recorded times there have been disputes between men on faith and religion. When, in pagan countries, the idols had become great in number...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 03 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XVII. THE POLEMICS AND THE ATTACKS UPON THE TALMUD IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The nineteenth century was the jubilee of the Talmud's 2,000 years since its beginning, and the twelfth century since...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 05 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 94 PART III. METHOD. The Method of our Translation into English of our Revised Text in the "New Edition." After having submitted the text of the Talmud to a thorough review, and carried out...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 13 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], Plate facing page 48: Contents of the Talmud in Hebrew ("142,377 bytes")
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 15 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER V. THE TALMUD OF JERUSALEM, THE TALMUD OF BABYLONIA, THE CHARACTER OF THEIR HALAKHA AND HAGADA, THE DATES OF THEIR COMPLETION AND THEIR SYSTEMATIZATION. The sages of the Gemara, called Amaraim...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 11 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER IX THE VICTORY OF KARAISM OVER THE SPIRITUAL DOMINION OF THE TALMUD AND THE MIND OF THE JEWISH NATION--THE LAST GAONIM AT SURA AND PUMBEDITHA--THE CENTRE OF TALMUDIC STUDY TRANSFERRED...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 09 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER IX. WHY SHOULD CHRISTIANS FEEL INTERESTED IN THE TALMUD? 1 Christian theology and Jewish theology having really followed two parallel paths, the history of either cannot be understood without...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 17 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER II. THE GENERATIONS OF THE TANAIM. FIRST GENERATION. The principal Tanaim of the first generation, which lasted about seventy years, from 10 to 80, Ch. Era, 3 are: (1) The School of Shamai...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 03 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 101 PART IV. CRITICISM. In our table of contents to this history announced in the prospectus issued in 1897, we have inserted "A Reply to some Criticism." This would be in place if this history had been...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 05 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XV. POLEMICS WITH MUSSULMANS AND THE DISPUTES WITH THE FRANKISTS The Jews were not exempt from disputes with scholars of Islam also during the first years of the latter's history, but these disputes...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 07 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 80 PART II. ETHICS OF THE TALMUD. CHAPTER I. TALMUDICAL ETHICS. "Ethics is the flower and fruit on the tree of religion. The ultimate aim of religion is to ennoble man's inner and outer life, so that he...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 11 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER VII. TRANSLATIONS OF THE TALMUD A. THE MISHNA. English Translations. W. Walton. Translation of the treatises Sabbath and Erubin, London, 1718. D. A. de Sola and "M. I. Raphall". Eighteen treatises...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 17 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 10 CHAPTER III. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TEMPLE--THE FALL OF BETHEL--THE MASSACRE OF THE SAGES OF THE TALMUD, TILL THE WRITING OF THE MISHNA IN THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD CENTURY. The Temple had been...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 09 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER XI. THE SCHOLARS OF GERMANY AND OF NORTHERN FRANCE, AND WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTED TO THE STUDIES OF THE TALMUD. At the time, when Talmudic study flourished in Spain, and made progress, and diffused...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Appendix A : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], APPENDIX A. No. 1. In the history of the "Oral Law," Part I., by I. H. Weiss, the reader will find an account of the deeds of the Samaritans in detail, though only a few instances are dealt with. No. 2. We...
Volume I. History Of The Talmud. Chapter. Part 13 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], CHAPTER VII. THE EIGHTH CENTURY. THE DOMINION OF THE GAONIM. THE OPPOSITION OF THE KARAITES. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SECT OF THAT NAME. The Pharisees had been victorious over the Sadducees and the other...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti. Part 15 : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], p. 38 CHAPTER IV. THE CLASSIFICATION OF HALAKHA AND HAGADA IN THE CONTENTS OF THE GEMARA. The collection of the commentaries and discussions of the Amoraim on the Mishna is termed "Gemara". (See our Brief...
Volume Ii. Historical And Literary Introducti : * "Babylonian Talmud, Book 10: History of the Talmud", tr. by Michael L. Rodkinson, [1918], PART V. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SIX SECTIONS IN THEIR SIXTY TRACTS. Section Zeraim (Plants) contains eleven tractates, viz.: Berachoth (Benediction), supplied with Gemara, both Palestinian and Babyloni...