Wisdom. Days Of Days : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], DAYS OF DAYS. Days of days are the days that are over and above the lunar year, and are thus distributed according to their number; two days of days are given to Alban Arthan, three to Eilir, three to Hevin, and three...
Symbol. The System Of Numerals : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE SYSTEM OF NUMERALS. One, Ten, A hundred, ten tens, A thousand, ten hundreds, A myriad, ten thousands, Mwnt, ten myriads, p. 110 p. 111 Rhiallu, ten mwnts, Mwnda, Buna, ten rhiallus, Cattyrva, ten tyrvas, Tyrva, ten...
Next. Triads Of Bardism. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. There are five elements: earth; water; air; fire; and nev; 1 and from nev are God and every living soul. FOOTNOTES 381:1 p. 381 Al. "nwyvre."
Wisdom. Triads Of Ten Numbers : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], TRIADS OF TEN NUMBERS. 1. Three particular ones: one God; one truth; and one point of liberty; and to know those threes will bring to Gwynvyd. 2. Three particular twos: the two sexes of living beings, namely, male...
Symbol. The Sacred Symbol : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE SACRED SYMBOL. . That is to say, they are called the three columns, and the three columns of truth, because there can be no knowledge of the truth, but from the light thrown upon it; and the three columns...
Symbol. Variations Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], VARIATIONS OF LETTERS. turned on its side, with its base to the right, , stood for E; when turned thus, , it stood for V, which being doubled thus, , stood for O; and from , were produced and . And in this way...
Next. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. There are three principal elements: water; fire; and nwyvre. From the water comes the earth, that is, the water was dried of its humidity by fire; and from the water, scattered or liquefied by fire, is...
Next. The Materials Of Language And Speech : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 116 p. 117 COELBREN OF THE BARDS. The Bardic Coelbren, according to the book of Llywelyn Sion. The primitive Cymry, and their poets, and book-wise men, were accustomed to cut letters on wood, because in their time...
Next. Triads Of Bardism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. 1. The three stabilities of Gwynvyd: to know the nature of evil, from having suffered it in Abred; to know the nature of good, from having experienced it in Gwynvyd; and that every living being...
Theology. Abred. Gwynvyd. Awen : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ABRED.--GWYNVYD.--AWEN. Q. How often may one fall in Abred? A. No one will fall once of necessity, after it has been once traversed, but through negligence, from cleaving to ungodliness, until it preponderates over...
A List Of Documents : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 8 A LIST OF DOCUMENTS OCCURRING IN VOLUME I., WHICH HAVE BEEN PRINTED BEFORE. Pwy a wnaeth rl--cenedl y Cymry, pp. 12, 14. Coelbren y Beirdd, p. 25. Adolwyn pa fodd--gyfergyd ar llafar, p. 46. Coelbren y Beirdd, p.7...
Symbol. The Principal Elements Of Various : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF VARIOUS THINGS.--THE GOGYRVENS. The three principal elements 2 of every thing: power; matter; and mode. 3 p. 48 p. 49 The three principal elements of sciences: life; intellect; and affecti...
Theology. Iau : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], IAU. 5 Disciple and his Master. Disciple. Why is Iau (yoke) given as a name for God? Master. Because the yoke is the measuring rod 6 of country and nation in virtue of the authority of law, and is in the possessi...
Preface. Ammianus Marcellinus : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. lxvii AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, A.D. 380. Ammianus Marcellinus says that "the Bards record the exploits of heroes, in poems, which they sing to the soft sound of the lyre," 1 which is quite in accordance with...
Preface. Pomponius Mela : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], POMPONIUS MELA, A.D. 45. His description is as follows:-- "They [the Gauls] have an eloquence of their own, and their Druids as masters of wisdom. These profess to know the magnitude and form of the earth and the world...
Theology. God : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], GOD. God is three things, 1 and cannot be otherwise: coeval with all time; co-entire with all essence; and co-local with all mental purpose. Could what is called God be otherwise, it would not be God, since it could be...
Recovery Of The Old Cymraeg : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRIMARY LETTERS.--IMPROVEMENT OF THE ALPHABET. Before the faith in Christ was obtained, no other than twelve letters were used, namely, a, e, i, o, b, d, g, l, m, n, r, s. After the coming of the faith, sixteen...
Symbol. The Invention Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE INVENTION OF LETTERS BY EINIGAN AND MENW.--THE SECRET OF BARDISM. Einigan the Giant beheld three pillars of light, having in them all demonstrable sciences that ever were, or ever will be. And he took three rods...
Next. Theological Triads : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. 1. The three principal bodily perceptions of man: seeing; hearing; and feeling. p. 202 p. 203 2. The three principal perceptions of the soul of man: love; hatred; and understanding. 3. There are...
Theology. Abred : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ABRED. To consociate with evil will make one the lowest and meanest of all animated beings; therefore a wicked man, p. 244 p. 245 when he dies, and his soul enters the meanest worm 1 in existence, becomes better...
Next. The System Of Numerals : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 108 p. 109 THE SYSTEM OF NUMERALS. Here is the system of numerals, that is, the particulars of the art of Arithmetic, (from the Book of D. Richard, Llandochen.) They are removed from point to point according to this...
Preface. Diodorus Siculus : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], DIODORUS SICULUS, B.C. 44. His description also is confined to the Druidism of Gaul, and is to the following effect:-- "And there are among them [the Gauls] composers of verses, whom they call Bards; these, singing...
Next. Years Of The Sun And Moon : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], YEARS OF THE SUN AND MOON. The years of the sun and moon are as follows:--The year of the sun, 366 days. The year of the moon, 354 days. p. 424 p. 425 The year of memorial and computation, 364 days. Twenty-nine years...
Theology. The Three Imperceptibilities Of God : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 214 p. 215 THE THREE IMPERCEPTIBILITIES OF GOD. There are three things that are imperceptible in God: His origin, because there can have been no time in which He did not exist; the greatness of His love, for how...
Next. The Months : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. Some of the ancient Bards divide the year as follows:--Harvest; Winter; Spring; and the beginning of Summer. 1 FOOTNOTES 419:1 p. 418 Calangauaf garw hin, Annhebyg i "gyntefin". The calends...
Wisdom. The Philosophy Of The Blue Bard : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE BLUE BARD OF THE CHAIR. In the forehead is the intellect; In the nape is the memory; In the pate is discretion; In the understanding, memory, and discretion together, is reason; In the lungs is...
Title Page : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. title Y GWIR YN ERBYN Y BYD. BARDDAS; OR, A COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE THEOLOGY, WISDOM, AND USAGES OF THE BARDO-DRUIDIC SYSTEM OF THE ISLE OF BRITAIN. WITH TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES. BY...
Wisdom. The Three Circles Of The Sun : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE CIRCLES OF THE SUN. The circle of the summer aban; 1 of the summer ablan; 1 and of the winter alban. FOOTNOTES 417:1 p. 416 Sic in MS.; but we are inclined to regard them as clerical mistakes for "alban"...
Symbol. Dasgubell Rodd : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], DASGUBELL RODD. 2 Question. What is the Dasgubell Rodd? Answer. The keys of the primitive Coelbren. Q. What is it that explains the primitive Coelbren? 3 A. The Dasgubell Rodd. p. 166 p. 167 Q. What else? A. The secret...
Theology. Druidism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], DRUIDISM. Disciple and Teacher. This is the Druidism of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, with their opinion respecting God and all living beings, of whatsoever grade or kind they may be. It is rudimentally taught...
Symbol. The Three First Words Of The Cymraeg : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE FIRST WORDS OF THE CYMRAEG. " Bardism". p. 70 p. 71 The three first words of the Cymraeg: the Name of God, that is O I U; the name of the Sun, perception, and sensation, that, is SULW; and Bo, others say, BYW...
Wisdom. The Four Quarters Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE FOUR QUARTERS OF THE YEAR. 1. Winter. 2. Spring. 3. Summer. 4. Autumn. Or thus:-- 1. Winter. 2. Spring. 3. Summer.--White grasses. And the four points of the sun are thus:-- 1. The point of roughness. 2. The point...
Triads Of Bardism And Usages : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], TRIADS OF BARDISM. 2 39. The three privileges of Gwynvyd: the complete predominance of love over hatred; complete power, under p. 358 p. 359 the privilege of right and bliss, derived from universal knowledge;...
Theology. God In The Light : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], GOD IN THE LIGHT. Question. Why do we say, heaven above, and hell beneath, where there can be no highest in respect of any being, or lowest in respect of any existence? And why God in the highest, and Cythraul...
Next. The Triads Of Bardism, Called The Triads : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. There are three primordial elements, from which proceed every material, and speciality of existence: calas; fluidity; and nwyvre. Thus, after another mode, according to some ancient teachers:--There are...
Symbol. Secret Coelbren. Secret Coelv : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 154 p. 155 SECRET COELBREN.--SECRET COELVAIN.--COELVAIN OF HISTORY. The mysteries of the Bards, that is to say, the secret Coelbrens, are small ebillion, a finger long, having notches *, so that they may be used by...
Symbol. Primary Cuttings. Improvement : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PRIMARY CUTTINGS.--IMPROVEMENT OF THE COELBREN.--ITS RESTORATION. In the early times of the nation of the Cymry letters were called cuttings; and it was after the time of Beli, son of Manogan, that they were called...
Symbol. The Vowels : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE VOWELS. There are eight vowels or sounds, A. E. I. O. U. W. Y. Y, (wy,) so called because it is the mutate of W. p. 78 p. 79 ( ) ; and after that, thus, , which continued mostly in use by the Bards and Teachers...
Preface. Preface : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. xiii PREFACE. THE promoters of the National Eisteddvod, which was held at Llangollen, in the autumn of 1858, conscious of the increased attention that was being paid by foreign scholars to the literature and usages...
Wisdom. The Divisions Of The Day : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE DAY. The four parts of the day: morning, that is, the first six hours; vapourlessness, the second six hours; noon, the third six hours; and the fourth, evanescence, 1 reaching till the morning...
Theology. The Creation. The First M : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE CREATION.--THE FIRST MAN.--THE PRIMARY LETTERS. Disciple and his Teacher. Disciple. Tell me, my kind and discreet Master, whence originated the world, and all visible, all audible, all sensible, p. 250 p. 251...
Symbol. The Origin And Progress Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF LETTERS.--THE NAME OF GOD.--THE BARDIC SECRET. Pray, my skilful and discreet teacher, if it be fair to ask, how was the knowledge of letters first obtained? I will exhibit the informati...
Wisdom. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. There are three elements: 1 earth; fluidity; and nwyvre. Another mode: calas; fluidity; and nwyvre. FOOTNOTES 387:1 p. 386 The same number of elements is recognised in "Hanes Taliesin," Ap. Myv. Arch. v...
Next. Triads Of Wisdom : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. Manred, the original form of all the materials, or all the constituents, that is, the elements, of which the first four of the five were dead, namely, calas, 1 fluidity, breath, and fire, until God...
Symbol. Coelbren Of The Bards, According : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], COELBREN OF THE BARDS, ACCORDING TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF LLAWDDEN. 1 p. 86 p. 87 Some have substituted But the best of all is the old Coelbren, as Gwilym Tew 1 has arranged it in his Book of Vocal Song, and the easiest...
Theology. The Gorsedd Prayer : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE GORSEDD PRAYER. The Gorsedd Prayer, called the Prayer of the Gwyddoniaid. God, impart Thy strength; And in strength, power to suffer; And to suffer for the truth; And in the truth, all light; And in light, all...
Symbol. Origin And Progress Of Letters. Einig : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF LETTERS.--EINIGAN THE GIANT.--THE GWYDDONIAID.--SYSTEMS OF LETTERS. a. e. i. o.--b. c. t. l. s. r. p. It was Einigan the Giant that first understood letters; and he made the principal cuttings...
Theology. The Bards' Enigma : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE BARDS' ENIGMA. 1 There is nothing truly hidden 2 but what is not conceivable; 3 There is nothing not conceivable but what is immeasurable; There is nothing immeasurable but God; There is no God but that which is...
Symbol. The Three Primitive Symbols : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE PRIMITIVE SYMBOLS.--THE THREE COELBREN SYMBOLS. Here is the system of Symbols. There have been three symbols remembered and preserved from the beginning by the Bards and Sages of the nation of the Cymry;...
Theology. The Prediction Of Peredur : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PREDICTION OF PEREDUR, THE BARD OF PRYDAIN. 1 When the sovereign 2 country shall bewail a stratagem, And sorrow and dispersion happen to the secluded populace, p. 366 p. 367 Blessed the lips that shall easily...
Symbol. Burning The Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], BURNING THE LETTERS. It was in the time of Llyr of Defective Speech that the way of burning the cyrvens with an iron stamp was understood, that is, there was an iron for every letter, heated red hot, with which they...
Symbol. The Three Wreathed Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE WREATHED BARDS. The three wreathed Bards of the Isle of Britain: Tydai, 1 the Bard of Huon, 2 who was the first that arranged the mode of dwelling according to clans for the nation of the Cymry; and Rhuvawn 3...
Wisdom. The Divisions Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. The four divisions of the year: Spring; Summer; Autumn; and Winter. Harry the Tall. The Spring begins in March, when the sun and its opposite are alike, that is, when the day and night are...
Preface. Julius Caesar : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], JULIUS CSAR, B.C. 99-44. It is necessary that we should, at the outset, bear in mind the following observation made by Csar, as to the comparative merits of the Continental and British systems: "The institution is...
Theology. The Creation. Worship. Vocal Song : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE CREATION.--WORSHIP.--VOCAL SONG.--GWYDDONIAID. Disciple. From what did God make the world and living beings? Master. From the particles, which He collected out of the infinite expanse in the circle of Ceugant...
Symbol. The Five Ages Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE FIVE AGES OF LETTERS. The five Ages of Letters. The first was the age of the three letters, which above all represented the Name of God and goodness, and which were a sign of goodness and truth, and understanding...
Theology. The Discipline Of Bardism. The Creation : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DISCIPLINE OF BARDISM. THE CREATION. Disciple. With what material did God make all corporal things, endued with life? Master. With the particles of light, which are the smallest of all small things; and yet one...
Next. The Three Circles Of The Sun : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE DAY. There are eight parts of the day: 1. morning; 2. dawn; 3. vapourlessness; 4. noon; 5. evening; 6. twilight, 2. morning; 3. vapourlessness; 4. noon; 5. rest; 6. twilight; 7. disappearance; 8...
Theology. God In The Sun : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], GOD IN THE SUN. Question. Why is the face turned towards the sun in every asseveration and Prayer? Answer. Because God is in every light, and the chief of every light is the sun. 4 It is through fire that God brings p...
Theology. Triads Of Bardism And Usages : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], TRIADS OF BARDISM AND USAGES. 3 1. The three foundations of Bardism: peace; utility; and justice. Others say: peace; love; and justice. p. 346 p. 347 2. The three supports of poetry and Bardism, that is to say:...
Wisdom. The Triads Of Bardism, Called : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE TRIADS OF BARDISM, CALLED THE TRIADS OF IONABWY. THE ELEMENTS. 1. There are three original principles, which are the three primary elements: the first, calas, hence all hardness, and it hardens every other thing...
Next. The Four Quarters Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE DAY. 1. Midnight; 2. dawn; 3. morning; 4. vapourlessness; 5. noon; 6. rest; 7. evening; 2 8. overcast. FOOTNOTES 421:1 p. 421 Literally, "separation." 421:2 p. 421 Al. "after rest."
Next. The Beginning Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. The four divisions of the year: Spring; Summer; Autumn; and Winter. According to others: Summer; Winter; and Spring. p. 420 p. 421
Wisdom. Astronomy : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ASTRONOMY. There are seven visible planets, and eight are invisible, except in a long cycle of times, and vast ages. The constellations of the stars are the following-- p. 402 p. 403 1. Caer Arianrod, 2. Yr Orsedd Wenn...
Symbol. The Bardic Secret. Formation Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE BARDIC SECRET.--FORMATION OF LETTERS. It is very remarkable that the Druidical secrets consisted in the use of the letters or ; anciently , of the twelve letters *, ;or thus , A. E. I. O, and where was made, it w...
Next. The Herald Bard : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. The Triads of Bardism, that is, the Triads of godly sciences, and of wisdom through Awen from God, which was given through the Holy Spirit to the primitive Bards of the Isle of Britain from the age...
Symbol. The Sixteen Primary Symbols : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE SIXTEEN PRIMARY SYMBOLS.
Theology. The Fall In Abred : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE FALL IN ABRED. God made all living beings in the circle of Gwynvyd at one breath; but they would be gods, 3 and attempted to traverse the Ceugant. This, however, they could not do, wherefore they fell down to Annwn...
Symbol. The Primary Letters. Improvement : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRIMARY LETTERS.--IMPROVEMENT OF THE ALPHABET. Before the time of Beli the Great, 2 son of Manogan, there were only ten letters, which were called the ten signs, namely, a, p, c, e, t, i, l, r, o, s. After that m...
Symbol. The Primary Letters. Names : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRIMARY LETTERS.--NAMES OF THE COELBRENS. Here are the primaries,-- which were fifteen. After that was made, and therewith . After that and , and then the letters were eighteen, thus, being eighteen. After th...
Wisdom. The Materials : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MATERIALS. The five materials of every existence and life: calas; fluidity; air; 2 sun; 3 and nwyvre. 4 p. 384 p. 385 They are thus variously arranged:-- Calas, fluidity, and nwyvre; 1 and the uvel unites with...
Symbol. Introduction Of Letters. Original : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 82 p. 83 INTRODUCTION OF LETTERS.--ORIGINAL COUNTRY OF THE CYMRY.--THEIR ARRIVAL IN BRITAIN.--AUGMENTATION OF THE ALPHABET. At length here is an account of symbols and speech, namely, letters and signs, according...
Theology. The Material Of The World : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MATERIAL OF THE WORLD. Question. What material did God use in the formation of the world, namely, the heaven and the earth, and other things known and conceived? Answer. The manred, that is, the smallest of all...
Next. Dasgubell Rodd : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. 1. The three stabilities of unity, namely: completeness, for there can be no two kinds of one universality; infinity, for there can be no limit to one entirety; and immutability, for it cannot be...
Symbol. Peithynvain : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PEITHYNVAIN. Another mode for booking sciences were the Peithynvain, 1 that is, they wrote with a steel pencil on both surfaces of the stones, and then put them on a strong cord, or on an iron or brass rod, which...
Theology. The Triads Of St. Paul : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE TRIADS OF ST. PAUL. 1. The three principal sciences of man: sciences respecting God; to know what he is himself; and to know the tendency of species and nature. From these three all other laudable sciences...
Llywelyn Sion : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. lxxxiii LLYWELYN SION, INASMUCH as Llywelyn Sion of Llangewydd was the person, by whom principally the present Collection of Bardism was made, the following brief Memoir of him may not be out of place here...
Wisdom. The Memorial Of Computati : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 408 p. 409 THE MEMORIAL OF COMPUTATION.--THE MEMORIAL OF COUNTRY. This is the mode in which the ancient Teachers used to denote the memorial of times; that is, from the arrival of the Cymry in this island, it w...
Theology. The Divine Names : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVINE NAMES. Some have called God the Father HEN DDIHENYDD, 1 because it is from His nature that all things are derived, and from Him is the beginning of every thing, and in Him is no beginning, for He can not but...
Symbol. The Three Symbols : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 114 p. 115 THE THREE SYMBOLS. There are three kinds of symbol: the symbol of letter, which the ancient authors called the symbol of cyrven; the symbol of number; and the symbol of blazonry, as a coat of arms, which...
Wisdom. The Eight Materials Of Man : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE EIGHT MATERIALS OF MAN. From the Book of Mr. Cobb of Cardiff. From the earth, the flesh; From the water, the blood; From the air, the breath; From the calas, the bones; From the salt, the feeling; From the sun...
Symbol. Arithmetic : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ARITHMETIC. One, five, ten, fifteen, twenty, hundred, thousand, myriad, million, bunav, myndav, breon, catyrva, gwrmwnt, rhiallu, and ceugant, which cannot be numbered.
Theology. The Three States : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE STATES. 1. According to the three principal qualities of man shall be his migration in Abred: from indolence and mental blindness he shall fall to Annwn; from dissolute wantonness he shall traverse the circle...
Wisdom. Bardism, Andc. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], BARDISM, the second is the fire, out of which proceed every motion and change; the third is the nwyvre, from which are God, and all life, understanding, and knowledge. Others say: Galas; uvel, and nwyvre, which is God...
Symbol. Classification Of The Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CLASSIFICATION OF THE LETTERS. The above Alphabets are from Llywelyn Sion. * p. 74 p. 75 Abcedilros; so were called the ten primary letters, because they are put in one word of four syllables, being arranged according...
Next. Coelbren Of The Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], COELBREN OF THE BARDS. Here is shewn the mode of making the Coelbren of the Bards. Take small pieces of wood, split into four parts, a cubit in length; render the four sides fair, and exact, and smooth, their thickness...
Next. The Cycle Of Time : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. Spring from Alban Arthan to Alban Eilir, and thence to Alban Hevin; and from thence Summer to Alban Elved; and from thence Winter to Alban Arthan. After that: Spring; Summer; Autumn;...
Theology. The Origin Of Man. Jesus Christ : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ORIGIN OF MAN.--JESUS CHRIST.--CREATION. Here are Questions and Answers from another Book. Teacher. Dost thou know what thou art? Disciple. I am a man by the grace of God the Father. T. Whence earnest thou? D...
Symbol. The First Inventors Of Letters. Improvers : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE FIRST INVENTORS OF LETTERS.--IMPROVERS OF THE ALPHABET.--INVENTION OF THE ROLL AND PLAGAWD.--OBLIGATION OF A BARD TO HOLD A CHAIR AND GORSEDD. Who was the first that made letters? Einigan the Giant, 1 or, as he is...
Next. The Ten Commandments Of The Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE TEN COMMANDMENTS 1 OF THE BARDS. (From the Blue Book.) 1. God is one, and there is only Himself who is God. Love thy God with all thy soul, with all thy heart, with all thy strength, with all thy endeavour, with...
Wisdom. Years Of The Sun And Moon : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], YEARS OF THE SUN AND MOON. There are two calculations of years: one is the year of the sun, consisting of 365 days; the other is the year of the moon, having 354 days. The days which are over and above the number...
Theology. God. And The Faculties Of The Soul : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], GOD; AND THE FACULTIES OF THE SOUL. Question. What is conscience? Answer. The eye of God in the heart of man, which sees every thing that is perceptible, in its right form, place, time, cause, and purpose. Q. What is...
Symbol. The Herald Bard : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE HERALD-BARD. The sciences of a Herald-bard have been lost, except what is preserved in the art of armory. In primitive times the sciences of heraldry were honourable, and every innate Cymro bore the signs of his...
Theology. The Stanza Of The Gorsedd Chair : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE STANZA OF THE GORSEDD CHAIR OF THE WINTER SOLSTICE. When the country of Gwrthenin, 2 shall bewail a stratagem, To the notches 3 of rods shall the secluded populace repair; Blessed the lips that shall easily...
Preface. Druids And Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], DRUIDS AND BARDS We have entered upon this subject at some length, because the supposed antagonism between Classical Druidism and British Bardism, is one of the principal grounds on which our literary sceptics found...
Symbol. The Arithmetical Characters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ARITHMETICAL CHARACTERS OF THE ANCIENT CYMRY; THAT IS, THE NUMERALS. Another mode,--
Next. Memorial And Computation : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE YEAR. From the same Book. The three divisions of the year:-- The time of summer from Cyntevin to the calend of October; Winter from the calend of October to the calend of February; Spring...
Preface. Suetonius : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], C. SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS. Suetonius flourished in the beginning of the second century. He describes "the Druidic religion among the Gauls as one of terrible cruelty." 1 We presume that he here refers to their practice...
Wisdom. Memorial And Computation : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], MEMORIAL AND COMPUTATION. Chronological memorial and computation were reckoned from the time of Prydain, son of Aedd the Great, who lived four hundred and eighty years before the time when Christ came in the flesh...
Wisdom. The Cycle Of Time : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE CYCLE OF TIME. The cycle of complete time is a year and a day, four weeks being in each month, and thirteen months in the year.
Wisdom. The Albans : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 418 p. 419 THE ALBANS. They are as follows in the Book of Sion Howel Gwyn--the Book of Tre'rbryn:-- Alban Elved is the calend of October; Alban Arthan is the calend of January; Alban Eilir is the calend of spring;...
Symbol. The Nine Degrees Of Numerals : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE NINE DEGREES OF NUMERALS. (From the Book of Ben Simon.) One ten times will make ten, ten ten times will make a hundred, a hundred ten times will make a thousand, a thousand ten times will make a myriad, a myriad...
Wisdom. The Materials Of Man : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MATERIALS OF MAN. Composed by Taliesin. From the Book of Llanrwst. There are eight parts in man: the first is the earth, which is inert and heavy, and from it proceeds the flesh; the second are the stones, which...
Theology. Bardic Aphorisms : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], BARDIC APHORISMS. Thus says the Bard:-- There is no advantage but what can in no ways be dispensed with, that is, God; There is no want but the want of God; There is no enjoyment but the enjoyment of God; There is no...
Symbol. Numbers : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], NUMBERS. Why do arrangements require numbers? To facilitate the memory, for where there is number, there is knowledge, but without number and weight and measure, there can be no knowledge of anything, therefore number...
Next. The Albans : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE DAY. p. 420 p. 421 1, Dewaint 2, Pylgeint 3, Bore, 4, Anterth, 5, Nawn, 6, Echwydd 7, Hwyr, 8, Ucher, 1, Dewaint, 2, Pylgeint, 3, Bore, 4, Anterth, 5, Nawn 6, Echwydd 7, Gwedechwydd, 8, Ucher, Hwyr...
Advertisement : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. xi ADVERTISEMENT, IN preparing the present work for the press, it has been deemed advisable to place the Welsh and English on opposite pages, as an arrangement more convenient for the scholar, who may wish to test...
Symbol. Peithyn Coelbren. Palm Coelbren : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PEITHYN 1 COELBREN.--PALM COELBREN. The Peithyn Coelbren consists of staves placed regularly together in a frame. p. 158 p. 159 The palm Coelbren consists of small squares of wood of the shape and size of dice, each...
Theology. Hu The Mighty : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], HU THE MIGHTY. Hu 7 the Mighty,--Jesus the Son of God,--the least in respect of His worldly greatness whilst in the flesh, and the greatest in heaven of all visible majesties. * FOOTNOTES 221:7 p. 221The meaning of "Hu...
Welsh Manuscript Society : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. vii "OES Y BYD I'R IAITH GYMRAEG." PATRONESS, HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA. PATRONIZED ALSO BY HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, AND HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE LOUIS LUCIEN BONAPARTE...
Wisdom. Mutual Reasoning Between A Disciple : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], MUTUAL REASONING BETWEEN A DISCIPLE AND HIS TEACHER. Disciple. Pray, my noble and very knowing Teacher, since you are a Teacher, and a primitive Bard, according to the privilege and usage of the Bards of the Isle...
Next. The Three Wreathed Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], COELBREN OF THE BARDS. Thus says Llywelyn Sion. After the intestine war of Owain Glyndwr, 1 the king 2 forbade paper and plagawd to be brought into Cymru, or to be manufactured there, in order that it might prevent...
Symbol. Coelbren Of The Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], COELBREN OF THE BARDS. Here is shewn the mode of making the Coelbren of the Bards. Small pieces of wood are taken, split, about a cubit in length, and squared, until they are four sided, the width of each side being...
Preface. Tacitus : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], C. CORNELIUS TACITUS. We have left this author to the last, because he speaks of the Druids of our own country. Tacitus lived in the time of Nero and his successors until Hadrian. Though deemed in general a skilful...
The Three Imperceptibilities Of God : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 266 p. 267 TRIADS OF BARDISM. 1. God made the world of three substances: fire; nature; and finiteness. 2. The three instrumentalities of God in making the world: will; wisdom; and love. 3. The three principal...
Wisdom. Chronology : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CHRONOLOGY. Before the coming of Christ in the flesh, the Bards solemnized times according to the years of memorial and computation, namely, from the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great, who was famous five...
Symbol. Plagawd : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PLAGAWD. Plagawd was a plant of the lilly kind, which was brought over from India; and on it they wrote with black, or some other colour. After that Plagawd of skin was made, being manufactured by art.
Symbol. The Materials Of Language And Speech : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MATERIALS OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH. The three materials of language and speech: letter; syllable; and word. The three materials of speech: word; sense; and sentence. There are twenty primitive letters, thirteen...
Theology. Cythraul : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CYTHRAUL. 2 There are three benefits to be had from Cythraul: the defection of evil; a view to goodness; and the triumph of victory over what is contrary to the beneficial. FOOTNOTES 213:2 p. 212 Bardism recognises...
Wisdom. The Parts Of The Human Body In Which : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY IN WHICH ARE THE FACULTIES. 1. In the forehead are the sense and intellect; 2. In the nape is the memory; p. 392 p. 393 3. In the pate are discretion and reason; 4. In the breast is lust; 5...
Symbol. The Primary Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRIMARY LETTERS. Sixteen principal letters have been from the beginning; namely, , (others say, ,) (or ) (or ) ( ) ( ) ( .) And in respect of others, letters were doubled, trebled, or quadrupled; as man, ei mm...
Symbol. The Origin Of Letters, Roll : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 9 p. 10 p. 11 BARDISM THE ORIGIN OF LETTERS, ROLL, AND PAPER.--THE VIRTUE OF LETTERS. MAY it please your information, my beloved teacher; pray, tell me who was the first that made a Letter? Einiged the Giant, s...
Theology. The Triads Of St. Paul And Bardism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 338 p. 339 THE TRIADS OF ST. PAUL AND BARDISM. 1. Three things that man will never be sufficiently: sufficiently wise; sufficiently kind; and sufficiently uncovetous. 2. The three laws of man's actions: necessity...
Symbol. Origin Of Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ORIGIN OF LETTERS. Einigain, Einigair, or Einiger, the Giant, was the first that made a letter to be a sign of the first vocalization that was ever heard, namely, the Name of God. That is to say, God pronounced His...
Wisdom. The Seven Materials Of Man : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE SEVEN MATERIALS OF MAN. 1. Earth, from which is the body; 2. Water, from which are the blood and humour; 3. Sun, from which are the heat and light; 4. Air, from which are the breath and motion; 5. Nwyvre...
Theology. The Twelve Primary Negatives : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE TWELVE PRIMARY NEGATIVES. 3 The twelve primary Negatives, called in some books the Lesson of the Gwyddoniaid, but in other books the Lesson of Tydain. There is nothing sought after but what is precious; There is...
Theology. Triads Of Bardism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 168 p. 169 TRIADS OF BARDISM. * 1. There are three primeval Unities, and more than one of each cannot exist: one God; one truth; and one point of liberty, and this is where all opposites equiponderate. 2. Three...
Preface. Cicero : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CICERO, (SLAIN) B.C. 43. "This method of divination has not been neglected even amongst barbarous nations. For there are Druids in Gaul, with one of whom I was acquainted, namely, Divitiacus duus, who enjoyed...
Wisdom. Triads Of Wisdom : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 368 p. 369 TRIADS OF WISDOM. 1 1. There are three Gorsedd cries: the cry of greeting; the cry of claim; and the cry of efficiency. 2. There are three authoritative cries: the cry of country and nation to begin; cry...
Symbol. The Primary Letters. Their Augmentati : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PRIMARY LETTERS.--THEIR AUGMENTATION.--RESTORATION OF THE COELBREN. This is what I, Llywelyn Sion, 2 took from the Book of Davydd Benwyn, 3 which is called the Coelbren of the Bards. Here is the system...
Theology. The Ten Commandments Of The Bards : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF THE BARDS. Here are the Ten Commandments of the Bards of the Cymry, from the Book of Joseph Jones. 1. Love thy God with the might of all thy body, with the might of all thy soul, with the might...
Theology. Theological Triads : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. Here are Triads which were found at Bewpyr, having been lost there by some one; or perhaps some person placed them of his own accord on the floor, where they were found. 1. The three occasions...
Wisdom. The Seven Primary Materials Of The World : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 390 p. 391 THE SEVEN PRIMARY MATERIALS OF THE WORLD. 1. The first, earth, from which are every corporeity and hardness, and every firm foundation; 2. The second, water, from which are all humour and freshness; 3...
Theology. The Book Of Bardism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 224 p. 225 THE BOOK OF BARDISM. Here is the Book of Bardism, that is to say, the Druidism of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, which I, Llywelyn Sion 1 of Llangewydd, extracted from old Books, namely, the books...
Symbol. Coelbren Of Simple Letters : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 156 p. 157 COELBREN OF SIMPLE LETTERS. Occasionally the Bards kept Coelbrens of simple letters, that is to say, one letter on each piece of wood; and by putting them together, according to the requirement of word...
Symbol. Palm Coelbren : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PALM COELBREN. The palm Coelbren is that where twenty-four are cut on small dice, that is, inasmuch as each die has six sides, and a letter on each side, there will be on the four dice twenty-four letters, besides wh...
Wisdom. Particular Triads : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PARTICULAR TRIADS. 1. There are three Persons in heaven: the Father; the Son; and the Holy Ghost. 2. There are three particular ones: the one true element, the necessary deluge; the one element, from which all men...
Theology. Ceugant. Duration. God : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CEUGANT.--DURATION.--GOD. Three things that are not capable of size or measure: Ceugant; duration; and God; because there can be no extremes to one or other of them--no beginning or end or middle to them.
Chronology : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CHRONOLOGY. Prydain, the son of Aedd Mawr, was born on the morning of Alban Eilir, that is, the ninth day of March, according to the computation of the Romans; therefore the beginning of the year was fixed on his day...
Next. The Triads Of St. Paul : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 290 p. 291 THE TRIADS OF ST. PAUL. 1 1. The three principal duties of a Christian: belief in Christ; hope in God; and love to man. 2. The three dispositions of an unchristian man: pride; cruelty; and falsehood. 3...
Symbol. The Birds Of Rhianon : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 94 p. 95 THE BIRDS OF RHIANON 1 The Birds of Rhianon sang until the Angels of heaven came to listen to them; and it was from their songs that were first obtained vocal song and instrumental music; vocal song being...
Wisdom. Triads Of Bardism. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], TRIADS OF BARDISM. THE ELEMENTS. 1. The three materials of every being and existence: calas, and hence every motionless body and solidity, and p. 372 p. 373 every hardness and concretion; fluidity, and hence every...
Next. The Three Principal Materials Of Knowledge : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THEOLOGICAL TRIADS. 1. Three things cannot but exist: life; 1 power; and truth. 2. God consists of three things: life; power; and knowledge. 2 Otherwise--Three things that cannot be dispensed with in God, power;...
Symbol. The Symbols Of Literary Sciences : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE SYMBOLS OF LITERARY SCIENCES.--IMPROVEMENT OF THE COELBREN.--METRICAL CANONS.--DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERY OF PEN RHYS. There are three series of symbols of literary sciences: the symbols of Coelbren; 2...
Next. The Divisions Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE DIVISIONS OF THE DAY. It was in this way that they formerly computed time, and the divisions of day: they enumerated eight parts of the day, and three hours in each part, and reckoned thus, namely, the first hour...
Preface. Strabo : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], STRABO, B.C. 54. The description, which this author gives of Druidism, refers entirely, like that of Csar, to Gaul, and is as follows:-- "And among the whole of them [the Gauls] three classes more especially are held...
Theology. The Mode Of Taking Food And Drink : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MODE OF TAKING FOOD AND DRINK. * When thou takest thy food, think of Him who gives it, namely, God, and whilst thinking of His Name, with the word put the first morsel in thy mouth, thank God for it, and entre...
Next. The Divisions Of The Day : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], YEARS OF THE SUN AND MOON. Twenty-nine years of the sun are thirty years of the moon. The days of the lunar year are 354. The days of the solar year are 366. The days of the year of memorial and computation, 365...
Symbol. The Three Principal Materials Of Knowledge : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE PRINCIPAL MATERIALS OF KNOWLEDGE. The three principal materials of knowledge of the Bards of the Isle of Britain: wood, that is Coelbren; and Coelvain; which two existed before the faith in Christ w...
Preface. Pliny : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PLINY, (BORN) A.D. 23. This philosophic but credulous author speaks of the Druidism of Gaul, in his "Natural Philosophy," as follows: "The Druids (so they call their wise men) hold nothing in greater reverence th...
Symbol. The Inventor Of Vocal Song. The First : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE INVENTOR OF VOCAL SONG.--THE FIRST RECORDERS OF BARDISM.--ITS FIRST SYSTEMATIZERS.--THEIR REGULATIONS.--MODE OF INSCRIBING THE PRIMARY LETTERS.--ORIGIN OF THEIR FORM AND SOUND.--THE THREE MENWS. Pray, who w...
Symbol. The Pillars Of Memory. The Symbols : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE PILLARS OF MEMORY.--THE SYMBOLS. The three pillars of memory and history: vocal song; letter; and symbol. A symbol is a form that is understood, and, being understood, shews at sight that that really exists which...
Wisdom. The Beginning Of The Year : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR. The Ancient Cymry began the year on the morrow of the shortest day of the winter, that is, on the turn of the sun.
Wisdom. The Stars : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE STARS. There are three kinds of stars: fixed stars, which keep their places, and are also called stationary stars; erratic stars, which are called planets, and are fifteen in number, seven 2 being always visible...
Symbol. The Three Symbols Of Sciences : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE THREE SYMBOLS OF SCIENCES. There have been three symbols of sciences in use by the nation of the Cymry from the beginning. The symbol of word and speech, that is to say, a letter, ten fold, sixteen fold, twenty...
Symbol. Peithynen : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], PEITHYNEN. The pillwydd will be in two halves each post, so that they may be opened and closed in order to receive and bind together the peithwydd, or ebillion. There are two posts, one at each end of the frame...
Preface. Diogenes Laertius : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. lxvi DIOGENES LAERTIUS, (DIED) A.D. 222. This author has preserved one of the Triads of the Druids, which is as follows:-- "To worship the gods; To do no evil; And to exercise fortitude." Now, it is remarkable th...
Symbol. The Origin Of Letters And Books : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ORIGIN OF LETTERS AND BOOKS.--THEIR INTRODUCTION INTO BRITAIN--THE COELBREN. Who was the first that obtained understanding respecting letters? Adam first obtained it from God in Paradise, and his son, Abel...
Next. The Eight Materials Of Man : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE EIGHT MATERIALS OF MAN. 1. From the earth is the flesh; 2. from the water, the blood; 3. from the air, the breath; 4. from the Galas, the bones; 5. from the salt, his feeling; 6. from the sun, or fire, his...
Symbol. Memorials : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], MEMORIALS. Before the knowledge of letters was obtained, there was no other memorial than vocal song, authorized by three Chairs, and the voice of an efficient Gorsedd. There were three efficient Gorsedds th...
Symbol. Cuttings. Foundations Of Awen : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], CUTTINGS.--FOUNDATIONS OF AWEN. . It was from the three signs that Einigan the Giant obtained so good an understanding of letters, which he cut on staves. He devised the mode, and made twelve 2 principal letters, if...
Theology. The Circles : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], p. 222 p. 223 THE CIRCLES. 1 The Circle of Abred, in which are all corporal and dead existences. The Circle of Gwynvyd, in which are all animated and immortal beings. The Circle of Ceugant, where there is only God...
Symbol. The Bardic Secret : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE BARDIC SECRET. O I W are the three letters, and in very old books O I U, because U was used instead of W, in the olden times. It is the secret word of the primitive Bards, which it is not lawful to speak or utter...
Symbol. Recovery Of The Old Cymraeg : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], RECOVERY OF THE OLD CYMRAEG. It was in the time of Owain, son of Maxen Wledig, that the nation of the Cymry recovered their privilege and crown. They took to their primitive mother tongue instead of the Latin, which...
Theology. Sentences Of Bardism : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], SENTENCES OF BARDISM. Here are the Sentences of Bardism, from the Book of Ieuan, the son of Hywel Swrdwal. 1 1. That does not but exist, from which a greater amount of good than of evil can be produced; since it cannot...
Symbol. Gogyrvens. Writing With Ink : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], GOGYRVENS.--WRITING WITH INK. Before the time of Belief and Baptism a letter was called gogyrven (from corf 2); and its right name is still gogyrven on the Coelbren--others call it cyrven. The old men--the primitive...
Wisdom. Bardism. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], BARDISM. THE ELEMENTS. There are five elements, and from them, and their conjunction, are all things, living and dead, that is to say: calas; fluidity; breath; uvel; and nwyvre. From calas is every corporeity, namely...
Symbol. Numerals : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], NUMERALS. Numeration. Numbers. Another mode according to the numeral letters. Another mode according to the numeral letters. Also thus;-- p. 112 p. 113 Another,--
Next. Bardism, Andc. The Elements : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE ELEMENTS. There are five primordial elements, namely: earth; water; air; fire; and nev. From the first four comes every inanimate matter, and from nev God, and all life, and all living things, and from the uni...
Theology. The Rudiments Of Theology : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE RUDIMENTS OF THEOLOGY. 1. Keep thy eyes upon God, worship Him, and do no dishonour to Him in His presence. 2. Justice and love, with peace and truth, are the materials of immortal life. 3. Avoid adultery...
Symbol. The Numerals : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE NUMERALS. Others--
Wisdom. The Months : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], THE MONTHS. January. 1. The dead month; The dead month; The white water; 1 The white stream; 2 The white surface of water; 3 The black month; The white flood; 4 The white rime. 5 February. 2. The month of purity; 6...
Theology. Annwn. Life. Death : * "The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, Vol. I.", ed. by J. Williams Ab Ithel, [1862], ANNWN.--LIFE.--DEATH. Question. In what place is Annwn? Answer. Where there is the least possible of animation and life, and the greatest of death, without other condition. Q. What are the characteristics of life...