Part I. Brahma And Prana : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 5. Brahma and Pra.--This conception, however it might be disguised in cosmogonic and mythopoeic forms, was in essence strictly materialistic. But by its side there arose in the schools of the Brhmaas two somewhat different currents of thought...
Part I. Vedanta, The Vedas' End : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 11 PART I AN ACCOUNT OF THE VEDNTA 1. Vednta, The Vedas' End.--The Sanskrit word "Vednta (veda-anta)" signifies "end" or "bound of the Vedas." It was originally given, at a somewhat advanced stage of their development, to the works called...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. V. Know : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], V. Know Thy Self 1 The world then was not yet unfolded. It became unfolded in Name and Shape, so that one might say, "He of this or that name is of this or that shape." So even now it becomes unfolded in Name and Shape, so that one may say, "He...
Part I. God : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 22. God.--These two ideas, empiric servitude to Works and transcendental freedom, leave little room for a Supreme God or moral guide of the experiences of souls. The older texts practically ignore such a power; their polytheistic myths are merely...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. X : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], X. The Spirit Within 1 Then Uddlaka rui 2 questioned him. "Yjnavalkya," said he, "we dwelt among p. 76 the Madras, in the house of Patanchala Kpya, 1. studying sacrifice. He had a wife who was possessed by a spirit 2; we asked him who he was, and he...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Vi. Parables : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], VI. Parables 3 "If one should smite upon the root of this great tree, beloved, it would sweat sap, and live. If one should smite upon its midst, it would sweat sap, and live. If one should smite upon its top, it would sweat sap, and live. Instinct...
Part I. Origin Of The Universe From Brahma : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 9. Origin of Universe from Brahma.--I. "Upanishads."--The Upanishads, being the work of Brahmans, are naturally influenced to a great extent by the naturalism of Vedic myth, especially in their conception of the origination of the universe...
Appendix I. The Sambandhas : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 109 APPENDIX I THE SAMBANDHAS The 25th and 26th verses of the Advaitamakaranda given above refer to a topic of importance in the later Vednta, viz. the logical relation "(sambandha)" of terms. The relations are three: (1) "common reference...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Vii. Part 02 : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], VII. The Soul In Sleep 1 "What is the Self?" "It is the Spirit 2 made of understanding among the Breaths, the inward light within the heart, that walks abroad, abiding the same, through both worlds. 3 He meditates, as it were; He hovers about, as it...
Title Page : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 1p. 2p. 3p. 4 THE WISDOM OF THE EAST SERIES Edited By L. CRANMER-BYNG Dr. S. A. KAPADIA First Edition, "November 1907" "Reprinted, October 1911" BRAHMA-KNOWLEDGE AN OUTLINE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE VEDNTA AS SET FORTH BY THE UPANISHADS AND BY...
Part I. Organism Of Soul : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 18. Organism of Soul.--I. "Upanishads."--Every organic being is a soul, according to the Upanishads; and the degree of its organic development is directly proportioned to the merits of its former works. The highest therefore are the souls of gods...
Part I. Relation Of Universal To Individual Soul : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 17. Relation of Universal to Individual Soul.--It is a first principle of the Upanishads that the numberless individual souls are really one with the Universal Self. But how is this relation conceivable? To this question no answer is vouchsafed...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xv : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XV. Gloria In Excelsis 1 I know that great Spirit, sun-hued, beyond the darkness. Knowing Him, man escapeth Death; there is no other way to walk. Than this naught else is higher, nor subtler, p. 99 nor mightier. As a tree firm-set in the heavens 1...
Part I. The Subtle Body : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 19. The Subtle Body.--According to the later Vednta, the Soul in its wanderings from birth to birth is accompanied by the sense-organs and "breaths" as sums of potential faculties, and has for its vehicle the "subtle body, skshmaarra." The latter...
Part I. Freedom Of Will : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 47 21. Freedom of Will.--It follows that in so far as man shares in the empiric world his whole moral and physical life is at every instant strictly predestined. But at the same time his Self is implicitly free, inasmuch as in essence it is one...
Part I. Karma : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 20. Karma.--The propelling force which conducts the Soul with its potential functions through endless incarnations as man, god, beast, or vegetable, is the "karmraya," the substrate of its "karma" or works. By "work" is understood not only every act...
Part I. Brahma Is Absolute Being : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 10. Brahma is Absolute Being.--The question whether the universal substrate, or Brahma, should properly be called being "(sat)" or non-being "(a-sat)", already agitated the Vedic poets (see ig veda, x. cxxix. 1), and passed through the schools...
Part I. Parmenides : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 14. Parmenides.--The opportunity here presents itself to point to the singularly close parallel between Upanishadic thought and the doctrines of the early Eleatic philosophers, and especially Parmenides, who may well have been contemporary with...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xiv : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XIV. The False And The True 2 "The Self, free from evil, ageless, deathless, sorrowless, hungerless, thirstless, real of desire, real of purpose, this should men inquire after, yea, should seek to know. All worlds he wins and all desires who traces...
Bibliography : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY The beginner will find the following works useful: Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Mller: vol. 1 & 15, Upanishads, translated by F. Max Mller; vol..34, Vednta-stra (i.e. Brahma-stra) with the commentary by ankar...
Part I. Salvation : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 24. Salvation.--I. "Upanishads."--Release of the soul "(mukti, moksha)", which falls to the lot of the elect few, consists in enlightenment, intuitive vision of the eternal unity of the thinker's Self with Brahma, to which he has hitherto been blind...
Part I. Upanishadic Principals : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 8. Upanishadic Principles.--These conceptions, p. 19 which are conveyed by the Upanishads in very diverse and often mystic and contradictory utterances, may be summed up in three propositions. Firstly, the whole of finite or phenomenal being is...
Part I. Phases Of The Self : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 15. Phases of the Self.--The highest existence is thus Thought without thinking, the state in which the soul has no consciousness of any external object, or indeed of any object at all, strictly speaking, for it is itself in conscious identity with...
Part I. The After Life : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 25. The After Life.--I. "Upanishads."--Good deeds are requited, according to the Veda, in another world, the heaven of the gods and the fathers. The Brhmaas regard the heaven of the gods as a place of recompense for the good, and the abode...
Part I. Brahma Is Thought : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 11. Brahma is Thought.--The Vedic "brahma, prayer" or "spell," is naturally a function p. 24 of intellect; and when it had risen to the rank of a cosmic Force, it retained this character. It is the universal subject of thought; but as it is itself...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Iii : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], III. The World Within 1 "Now within this town of Brahma 2 is a dwelling, a little lotus-flower; within this is a little space; what is therewithin men should inquire after, yea, should seek to know." If they should say to him: "Within this town...
Part I. Doctrine Of Transmigration And Works : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 17 6. Doctrine of Transmigration and Works.--At this point we may note two new ideas which henceforth dominated Indian thought--transmigration of the soul ("sasra," literally "wandering") and the influence of works "(karma)". The Vedic Hindu w...
Part I. Brahma Is Atma : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 12. Brahma is tm.--I. "Upanishads."--This idealistic conception became more marked when Brahma was identified with the "tm," the subject of individual thought. "The universe is an Idea, "my" Idea"--this doctrine is constantly preached in detailed...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xiii : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XIII. Light And Darkness 1 In the Lord is to be veiled this universe, whatsoever stirs in the world. With renunciation ther 2 thou mayst enjoy; lust thou after the wealth of none. p. 89 One may seek to live a hundred years doing works here. So it is...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Iv : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], IV. The Infinite I 2 "Verily this All is Brahma. It has therein its birth, end, breath; as such one should worship it in stillness. Verily man is made of will. As is man's will p. 64 in this world, such he becomes on going hence; so let him frame...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Vii : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], VIII. Grg And Yjnavalkya 1 "Yjnavalkya," said she, "as a warrior from the land of Ki or Videha might string his unstrung bow and come forward holding in his hand two arrows to pierce through his foe, even so I have come forward against thee with two...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Ii. Who Am I : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], II. Who Am I? 3 The heart, the mind, consciousness, comprehension, understanding, intelligence, wisdom, insight, resolution, thought, prudence, eagerness, memory, conception, power, life, desire, will--all these are names of the Intelligence. This is...
Part I. The Upanishads : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 3. The Upanishads. 1--The earlier Upanishads, a series of philosophic tracts of varying length and character, arose in the schools of the Brhmaas, and especially were attached to the sections of the latter styled "rayakas." The Hindus class together...
Introduction : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 9 INTRODUCTION The following pages sketch in outline--and therefore inadequately--the most important elements in the series of ideas which, under the general name of "Vednta", have been in one form or another the basis of all Indian thought worthy...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Ix : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], IX. The Everlasting Nay 1 Verily this great unborn Self it is that is compact of understanding amid the life-breaths, that lies in the ether within the heart, master of all, lord of all, ruler of all; He becomes not greater by a good deed nor less by...
Part I. Atma, Self Or Spirit : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 7. tm, Self or Spirit.--The word "tm" is several times used in the ig-veda with the meaning of "breath, spirit," in the literal sense; and so far there was little to distinguish it from the word "pra" ( 5). But from this p. 18 sense was further...
Part I. Brahma Is Incogitable : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 33 13. Brahma is Incogitable.--Brahma or tm, being an absolute Reality, the supreme Thing-in-Itself, is therefore inconceivable by the reason, and only capable of being comprehended by an inspired intuition. The Self, whether universal...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xii : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XII. Satyakma 2 Satyakma Jbla thus addressed his mother Jabl: "I would keep the term of Brahman-studentship, madame; of what family am I?" She said to him: "I know not, child, of what family thou art. I got thee in my youth, when I was much busied...
Editorial Note : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 7 p. 8 EDITORIAL NOTE The object of the Editors of this series is a very definite one. They desire above all things that, in their humble way, these books shall be the ambassadors of good-will and understanding between East and West--the old world...
Part I. Brahma The Destroyer : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 23. Brahma the Destroyer.--As we saw, the Upanishads are full of cosmogonies inherited from Vedic religion; but apparently they have not yet arrived at the belief in a periodical course of alternate creation, maintenance, and dissolution of worlds...
Part I. The Four Vedas : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 2. The Four Vedas.--The hymns of the "ig-veda," composed by various authors some three thousand years ago, are almost the only monument of the first period of Indian thought; for the collections known as the "Yajur-veda" and p. 12 [paragraph...
Advertisements : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 114 p. 115 "The following advertisements appeared at the end of the original book. They are included for completeness.--MEC". THE WISDOM OF THE EAST SERIES EDITED BY L. CRANMER-BYNG AND DR. S. A. KAPADIA THE SERIES AND ITS PURPOSE The object...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. I. Creation : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 56 PART II SOME TEXTS OF THE VEDNTA I. Creation 1 1. In the beginning this universe was Self alone; there was naught else open-eyed. He bethought Himself: "Now I will create worlds!" He created these worlds--the Ocean, the Light, the Dead...
Appendix Ii. List Of The Chief Upanishads : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], p. 111 APPENDIX II "LIST OF THE CHIEF UPANISHADS" The following list gives the names of the most ancient and important Upanishads, together with the contractions used for them in the preceding pages. The canon generally accepted in modern Indi...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xvi : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XVI. The Advaita-Makaranda Of Lakshmdhara 3 1. Homage to Kisha of infinite bliss, the incarnate blessing of the world, who by the sunbeams p. 102 of his glances evaporates the ocean of delusion! 2. Always I 1 am, I give light; never am I unbeloved;...
Untitled : * This book, part of the Wisdom of the East series, is a short exposition of the Vedanta philosophy. The 'Brahma' of the title is not the Hindu god Brahm, but the abstract, primordial spirit of creation. Barnett draws from the Upanishads, the writings of Shankara, and other literature, and sees...
Part Ii. Some Texts Of The Vendanta. Xi : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], XI. The Wisdom Of Raikva 1 Jnaruti Pautryaa was a devout giver, bestowing much largesse, preparing much food. He caused lodgings to be built everywhere, that he might have men everywhere fed. Now in the night there flew swans by. One swan said...
Part I. Foundations Of Upanishadic Ideas : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 4. Foundations of Upanishadic Ideas.--The ig-veda contains many strata of religious and philosophic thought. Its oldest element is a worship of nature-deities, such as the Sky-Father, Earth-Mother, Dawn, etc., who were inherited from the time before...
Part I. Maya : * "Brahma Knowledge", by L. D. Barnett, [1911], 16. My.--The word "my," magic illusion, is commonly used in the later Vednta to denote the phantom character of the phenomenal world; and in this sense it does not appear in the Upanishads until the vetvatara (IV. 10). It is not found...
