Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 03 : p. 506 XXXVII ROMANCES OF MATCH-MAKING THE romance of Hainakolo tells the story of a marriage arranged between two young people of closely related families, one living at Waipio on Hawaii, the other in a distant land called Kuaihelani. There is friction between the two and the husband leaves...
Part One. The Gods. Ix. Guardian Gods : p. 122 IX GUARDIAN GODS THRUM shows Kane and Kanaloa dwelling at Ala-kahi in Waipio with "some of the lesser gods such as Maliu, Kaekae, Ouli [Uli], and a number of others," but, unfortunately, does not give his source for the tale. The mischief maker Maui meets his death while trying to steal...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xii : p. 180 XII THE PELE SISTERS IN the Hi'iaka myth Pele's messenger is represented as an expert in sorcery and the hula, arts of which the Pele family as gods of generation are special patrons. The whole Pele and Hi'iaka cycle of stories is rehearsed episodically in the hula dance. Even the smallest...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxvi. Hawaiilo : p. 363 XXVI HAWAIILOA AND PAAO MIGRATIONS THE story of Hawaii-loa, called also Ke-kowa-i-Hawaii, belongs to the Kumuhonua legend and recounts the peopling of the group from the south under four brothers, sons of Aniani-ka-lani, named Ki, Kanaloa, La'akapu, and Hawaii-loa. Ki peoples Tahiti...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxi. Genealogies : p. 307 XXI GENEALOGIES THE genealogists of each island are said to favor a particular account of the beginnings of mankind and the ancestry of the Hawaiian people. The Kumuhonua tradition, according to which Ho'okumu-ka-honua (Founding of the race), as his name implies, is the original ancest...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xi. The Pele Myth : p. 167 PART TWO CHILDREN OF THE GODS XI THE PELE MYTH HAWAIIANS believe that the volcano at Kilauea is inhabited by a family of fire gods presided over by the goddess Pele who governs the activities of lava flows. A kahuna brother Moho (Ka-moho-ali'i), two sisters, Pele and Hi'iak...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 07 : p. 464 XXXIII THE KANA LEGEND KANA, the stretching kupua, is the hero of a number of local legends explaining gashes in the contour of an island, or markings like a footprint in the rocks, or displacement of rock ledges as in some convulsion of nature. He travels about the islands destroying evil...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 10 : p. 430 XXX TRICKSTER STORIES TRICKSTER stories are generally in the form of contests with the spirits who peopled the islands before the coming of man to Hawaii, and are only occasion-ally told of animal figures. In early days the southern islands of the group were all peopled by spirits, each...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xiv. Kamapua'a : p. 201 XIV KAMAPUA'A ONE of the most popular figures in Hawaiian mythical narrative is the being, half man and half hog, who goes by the name of Kama-pua'a (Hog-child). Tradition relates the immigration to the group of the Kamapua'a family during the colonizing period. An extended and racy account...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 11 : p. 401 PART FOUR HEROES AND LOVERS IN FICTION p. 402 p. 403 XXIX KUPUA STORIES HAWAIIAN legends tell of the adventures of heroes who have two natures, part human, part god. The god nature is likely to be derived from some animal ancestor whose spirit enters into the child at birth. Hence...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xiii. Pele Legends : p. 190 XIII PELE LEGENDS LOCAL legends abound of the swift retribution visited by Pele upon those who dare to offend her. Presumption and boasting bring immediate punishment. Rivals in love serve as explanatory theme for lava-rock formations. The popular chiefly sport of sled (holua) racing is...
Part One. The Gods. X. The Soul After Death : p. 144 X THE SOUL AFTER DEATH HAWAIIAN stories of going to the underworld after the soul of the dead and restoring it to the body are based on the Hawaiian philosophy of life, whose tendency is to dissociate the spirit or soul (uhane) from the body (kino) and to think of it with a quite...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 05 : p. 489 XXXV ROMANCE OF THE SWIMMER IN Hawaiian romantic fiction the treatment of kupua figures differs from that employed in the hero story, where exaggerated feats of prowess, often humorously treated, keep the level of the story above that of ordinary life. In romance the atmosphere changes...
Part One. The Gods. Viii. Sorcery Gods : p. 105 VIII SORCERY GODS HAWAIIAN sorcery has never been studied in relation to its actual functioning in different localities or its influence upon mythology and the priesthood in particular aspects. A single center alone has been reported in any detail and this in too fragmentary a form...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxii. Era Of Overturning : p. 314 XXII ERA OF OVERTURNING TWELVE generations from the beginning of the race, on the genealogy of Kumuhonua, during the so-called Era-of-overturning (Po-au-hulihia), occurs the name of Nu'u, called also Nana-nu'u, Lana-nu'u, Nu'u-mea, Nu'u-mehani. He is called "a great kahuna" and in his time...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 09 : p. 448 XXXI VOYAGE TO THE LAND OF THE GODS THE Oahu Waha-nui (Big mouth) family is placed by Fornander in the early period of contact with the southern Pacific, contemporary with Hikapoloa on Hawaii, Kaikipa'anea on Kauai, Kamauaua on Molokai. 1 He is said to have been a great voyager, to have so...
References : p. 545 REFERENCES An asterisk (*) indicates Hawaiian material. A dagger () indicates both Hawaiian and South Sea material. "AA": "American Anthropologist". AAAS: Australasian Society for the Advancement of Science. AHNNE, E., "Lgendes Tahitiennes, Bulletin de la Socit des tudes ocaniennes"...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Vi. Maui : p. 226 VI MAUI THE TRICKSTER THE deeds of Maui, the well-known trickster hero of Polynesia, are reported sporadically in Hawaii, always minutely localized for each island, and centering especially about a point above Kahakuloa for West Maui, Kauiki for East Maui, a cave on the Wailuku river above...
Preface : p. ix PREFACE THIS guide to the native mythology of Hawaii has grown out of a childhood and youth spent within sound of the hula drum at the foot of the domelike House of the Sun on the windy island of Maui. There, wandering along its rocky coast and sandy beaches, exploring its windward gorges...
Part One. The Gods. Iii. The God Lono : p. 31 III THE GOD LONO HENRY thinks that the Hawaiian Lono as "Great Lono dwelling in the waters" (Lono-nui-noho-i-ka-wai) is the Tahitian god Ro'o, messenger of the gods and especially of Tane, who "sets himself in the cloud" and feeds upon it, is born and matured there, and travels on with it. 1...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xvii. Aikanak : p. 238 XVII AIKANAKA-KAHA'I CYCLE THE Ulu genealogy used by the chiefs of Maui and Hawaii includes, as the twenty-eighth to the thirty-second in descent from Wakea, the names of five chiefs famous also in the genealogies and tradition of the South Seas. These five are Ai-kanaka (Kai-tangata), Hem...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxiv. Runners, M : p. 337 XXIV RUNNERS, MAN-EATERS, DOG-MEN A-LANI-MENEHUNE, younger son of Lua-nu'u, K had two sons, the older of whom, called Aholoholo (Runner), is said to have been "renowned for his swiftness." Legends tell of famous runners (kukini) employed by chiefs to act as messengers and especially...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xviii. Wahielo : p. 259 XVIII WAHIELOA-LAKA CYCLE THE story of Wahieloa (Wahieroa), son of Kaha'i (Tawhaki) duplicates that of Hema, and the story of his famous son Laka (Rata) corresponds with the journey made by Kaha'i to restore his father or his father's bones to his native land. In the Pele legend Wahielo...
Part One. The Gods. Ii. Ku Gods : p. 12 II KU GODS KU and Hina, male or husband (kane) and female or wife (wahine), are invoked as great ancestral gods of heaven and earth who have general control over the fruitfulness of earth and the generations of mankind. Ku means "rising upright," Hina means "leaning down." The sun at its...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxvii. Ruling Chiefs : p. 376 XXVII RULING CHIEFS TRADITIONS relating to the colonizing period in Hawaiian history emphasize the insignia of rank which became the tangible signs by which a man's position was assured in aristocratic society. These were: First, a family genealogy tracing back to the gods through one...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxviii. Usurping Chiefs : p. 387 XXVIII USURPING CHIEFS PI'ILANI of Maui had by Laie-lohelohe two sons and a daughter named Lono-pi'ilani, Kiha-pi'ilani, and Pi'ikea. Lono-pi'ilani succeeded to the rule over his father's lands. Pi'ikea made a marriage, considered a misalliance by the blue-blooded chiefs of Maui and Oahu...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xx. Papa And Wakea : p. 291 PART THREE THE CHIEFS p. 292 p. 293 XX PAPA AND WAKEA GENEALOGIES are of great importance in Hawaiian social life since no one can claim admittance to the Papa ali'i or ranking body of high chiefs with all its privileges and prerogatives who cannot trace his ancestry back to Ulu or Nanaulu...
Part One. The Gods. V. Kane And Kanaloa : p. 60 V KANE AND KANALOA IN his character as a culture god the name of Kane is generally coupled with that of Kanaloa. About Kanaloa as a god apart from Kane there is very little information. He is god of the squid, called in the Kumulipo Ka-he'e-hauna-wela (The evil-smelling squid). A prayer...
Part One. The Gods. I. Coming Of The Gods : p. 1 PART ONE: THE GODS I COMING OF THE GODS HOW traditional narrative art develops orally among a nature-worshiping people like the Polynesians can be best illustrated by surveying the whole body of such art among a single isolated group like the Hawaiian with reference to the historical...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xix. Haumea : p. 276 XIX HAUMEA THE mysterious figure of Haumea in Hawaiian myth is identified, now with Papa the wife of Wakea, who lived as a woman on earth and became mother of island chiefs and ancestress of the Hawaiian people; now with La'ila'i, the woman born with the gods Kane and Kanaloa and the m...
Part One. The Gods. Iv. The Kane Worship : p. 42 IV THE KANE WORSHIP KANE was the leading god among the great gods named by the Hawaiians at the time of the arrival of the missionaries in the islands. He represented the god of procreation and was worshiped as ancestor of chiefs and commoners. According to the possibly late editi...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti : p. 526 XXXIX WOOING ROMANCES THE romance of Laie-i-ka-wai (Laie in the water) is the story of a high tapu chiefess concealed at birth in a cave reached by diving through a pool of water and later reared under tapu in an earthly paradise prepared for her in Paliuli in the uplands of Puna by her...
Part One. The Gods. Vi. Mythical Lands Of The Gods : p. 67 VI MYTHICAL LANDS OF THE GODS IN myth Kane and Kanaloa are represented as gods living in the bodies of men in an earthly paradise situated in a floating cloudland or other sacred and remote spot where they drink awa and are fed from a garden patch of never-failing growth. Often this land is...
Untitled : HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY BY MARTHA BECKWITH [1940 (no Renewal)] This is Martha Beckwith's monumental study of Hawaiian mythology. Beckwith utilized numerous texts which are today rare or hard to obtain to construct this study. She gives all available variants of each myth or legend, including versions...
Title Page : HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY BY MARTHA BECKWITH Yale University Press [1940] NOTICE OF ATTRIBUTION Scanned , April, 2005. John Bruno Hare, redactor. This text is in the public domain in the United States because it was not renewed at the US Copyright Office in a timely fashion as required by law at the time...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 04 : p. 498 XXXVI ROMANCE OF THE ISLAND OF VIRGINS IT will be remembered that the story of Ola's building of the famous watercourse Kikiola concludes with the refusal by Namakaokaha'i, chiefess of the Mu and Menehune people, of an offer of marriage and her disappearance with her people on the floating...
Part One. The Gods. Vii. Lesser Gods : p. 81 VII LESSER GODS THE great gods each had his own form of worship, his priests and heiaus, his own special symbols of ritual distinction. "Ku by fives" is the old saying. Conquering chiefs took pains to recognize in their worship the gods of the lands they took over. Nothing is more...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 08 : p. 455 XXXII RIDDLING CONTESTS STOCK episode of a kupua story is a riddling contest, called ho'opa'apa'a, a term used to express the play of words back and forth in debate. The common situation is that of a famous riddler who has defeated all challengers but is finally outwitted and destroyed by...
Part Two. Children Of The Gods. Xv. Hina Myths : p. 214 XV HINA MYTHS HINA-HANAIA-I-KA-MALAMA (The woman who worked in the moon), said by Kilinahi Kaleo to be Pele's name as a woman on earth, identifies the Hawaiian goddess with the Tahitian who beats out tapa in the moon; Hina-papa'i-kua she is called in Hawaiian nomenclature. The home of Pele...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxiii. Mu And Menehune : p. 321 XXIII MU AND MENEHUNE PEOPLE LUA-NU'U (Second Nu'u, or cycle of time), called also Kane-hoa-lani, Lalo-kona, Pua-Nawao, Ku-ma-menehune, Ku-hooia, Ku-iiki, is placed as the twelfth name from Nu'u on the Kumuhonua genealogical line. Laka (Kupulupulu) and Pili are his sons. Maui, Kanalo...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 06 : p. 478 XXXIV THE STRETCHING-TREE KUPUA POLYNESIAN type tale tells of a high chief who weds away from home and departs, leaving tokens with the mother for the child about to be born by which the child's paternity may be recognized. The story falls into an established pattern, but subject...
Part Three. The Chiefs. Xxv. The Moikeh : p. 352 XXV THE MOIKEHA-LA'A MIGRATION FROM Ulu and Nana-ulu, sons of Ki'i, twelfth in succession from Wakea and Papa, all high chief families count descent. Hikapoloa, as well as the Waha-nui and Keikipaanea families of early legend, belong to the Nanaulu line, The important Maweke family is...
Part Four. Heroes And Lovers In Ficti. Part 02 : p. 519 XXXVIII ROMANCES OF THE DANCE THE group of romances just considered center about the marriage relations between a chief family resident in the Hawaiian group and a related family but of superior rank localized in Kahiki or on one of the other islands of the group or merely in a neighboring...