Vi. Philosophy In The West. 2. Ibn Baddja : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 2. IBN BADDJA. 1. Towards the end of the eleventh century, when Abu Bekr Mohammed ibn Yakhya ibn al-Saig ibn Baddja ("Avempace") was born in Saragossa, the fair kingdom of Andalusia was approaching the time of its disappearance in a system...
Iii. The Pythagorean Philosophy. 1. Natural : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 72 III. THE PYTHAGOREAN PHILOSOPHY. 1. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 1. Euclid and Ptolemy, Hippocrates and Galen, some portion of Aristotle, and, in addition, an abundant Neo-Platonic Literature,--indicate the elements of Arabic Natural...
Untitled : Islam in the first four centuries,... was inclined to take into its possession not only the outward advantages of the world, but also the intellectual acquisitions of Mankind. (p. 71). This is a well-written and authoritative review of the history of Islamic philosophy during the middle ages...
Iv. The Neo Platonic Aristotelians. Part 03 : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 3. IBN MASKAWAIH. 1. We have arrived at the point of time when the tenth century is passing into the eleventh. Farabi's school has apparently died out; and Ibn Sina,--destined to awaken into fresh life the philosophy of his predecessor,--is...
V. The Outcome Of Philosophy In The East : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 169 2. THE EPITOMISTS. 1. In a history of scholarly Education as conducted in the Muslim nations, this subject would necessarily have a larger space assigned it: but here we shall dismiss it in a few words. That Gazali has annihilated...
Iv. The Neo Platonic Aristotelians. Part 02 : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 4. IBN SINA. 1. Abu Ali al-Hosain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina ("Avicenna") was born at Efshene in the neighbourhood of Bokhara, in the year 980, of a family connected with the public service. He received his secular and religious educati...
V. The Outcome Of Philosophy In The East. Part 02 : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 154 V. THE OUTCOME OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE EAST. 1. GAZALI. 1. We have already seen that the theological movement in Islam was strongly influenced by Philosophy. Not only the Mutazilite, but also the Antimutazilite Dialectic drew its...
Vi. Philosophy In The West. 4. Ibn Roshd : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 4. IBN ROSHD. 1. Abu-l-Walid Mohammed ibn Akhmed ibn Mohammed ibn Roshd ("Averroes") was born at Cordova, of a family of lawyers, in the year 1126. There too he made himself master of the learned culture of his time. In 1153 he is said...
Iv. The Neo Platonic Aristotelians. Part 04 : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 2. FARABI. 1. In the tenth century the Logicians or Metaphysicians are distinguished from the Natural-Philosophers. The former follow a more rigorous method than the Dialecticians, and treat of other subjects than those which are dealt with...
Title Page : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY IN ISLAM BY DR. T. J. DE BOER, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN. TRANSLATED (with The Sanction Of The Author) BY EDWARD R. JONES B.D. LONDON LUZAC & CO. LTD. 46, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, [1903] Scanned , August 2006. Proofed...
Iv. The Neo Platonic Aristotelians : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 5. IBN AL-HAITHAM. 1. After the days of Ibn Sina and his school, little more attention was paid to the cultivation of Speculative Philosophy in the Eastern regions of the Muslim empire. In these lands Arabic was forced more and more...
Introduction. 3. Greek Science : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 3. GREEK SCIENCE. 1. Just as the commercial intercourse between India and China and Byzantium was conducted principally by the Persians, so in the remote West, as far even as France, the Syrians came forward as the agents of civilizati...
Vii. Conclusion. 1. Ibn Khaldun : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 200 VII. CONCLUSION. 1. IBN KHALDUN. 1. The Philosophy of Ibn Roshd, and his interpretation of Aristotle, have had extremely little effect upon the Muslim world. Many of his works, in the original, are lost, and we have them only...
Preface : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. vii PREFACE. The following is the first attempt which has been made, since the appearance of Munk's excellent sketch 1, to present in connected form a History of Philosophy in Islam. This work of mine may therefore be regarded as a fresh...
Introduction. 1. The Theatre : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 1 I. INTRODUCTION. 1. THE THEATRE. 1. In olden time the Arabian desert was, as it is at this day, the roaming-ground of independent Bedouin tribes. With free and healthy minds they contemplated their monotonous world, whose highest charm...
Translator's Prefatory Note : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], TRANSLATOR'S PREFATORY NOTE. This edition of Dr. DE BOER'S recent work is produced in the hope that it may prove interesting to not a few English readers, and especially that it may be of service to younger students commencing to study...
Ii. Philosophy And Arab Knowledge. 4. Literature : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 65 4. LITERATURE AND HISTORY. I. Arabic Poetry and Annalistic were developed independently of the learning of the schools. But as time went on, Literature and Historical Composition could not remain untouched by foreign influences. A few...
Corrigenda : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. xiv CORRIGENDA. Page 5; 3rd last line: As last word, read "and". 144; 8th : For "abone", read "above". 186; 2nd : "bestows" "pays".
Vii. Conclusion. 2. The Arabs And Scholasticism : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 2. THE ARABS AND SCHOLASTICISM. 1. To the victor belongs the bride. In the wars which were waged in Spain between Christians and Muslims, the former had often come under the influence of the attractions of Moorish fair ones. Many...
Ii. Philosophy And Arab Knowledge. 1. Grammatical : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 31 II. PHILOSOPHY AND ARAB KNOWLEDGE. 1. GRAMMATICAL SCIENCE. By Muslim scholars of the 10th century the sciences were divided into 'Arab Sciences' and 'Old'- or 'Non-Arab Sciences'. To the former belonged Grammar, Ethics and Dogmatics...
Ii. Philosophy And Arab Knowledge. 2. Ethical : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 36 2. ETHICAL TEACHING. 1. The believing Muslim, in so far as custom did not maintain its dominion over him, had at first the Word of God and the example of His Prophet as his rule of conduct and opinion. After the Prophet's death...
Iii. The Pythagorean Philosophy. 2. The Faithful : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 81 2. THE FAITHFUL BRETHREN OF BASRA. 1. In the East, where every religion formed a State within the State, a political party invariably made its appearance in the additional character of a religious sect, just to gain adherents in some...
Iv. The Neo Platonic Aristotelians. Part 05 : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 97 IV. THE NEO-PLATONIC ARISTOTELIANS OF THE EAST. 1. KINDI. 1 1. Kindi is related in various ways to the Mutazilite Dialecticians and the Neo-Pythagorean Natural-Philosophers of his time, and we might therefore have dealt with him among...
Ii. Philosophy And Arab Knowledge. 3. Doctrinal : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 3. DOCTRINAL SYSTEMS. 1. In the Koran there had been given to Muslims a religion, but no system,--precepts hut no doctrines. What is contrary to logic therein,--what we account for by the shifting circumstances of the Prophet's life...
Introduction. 2. Oriental Wisdom : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 2. ORIENTAL WISDOM. 1. Prior to its contact with Hellenism, the Semitic mind had proceeded no farther in the path of Philosophy than the propounding of enigmas, and the utterance of aphoristic p. 7 wisdom. Detached observations of Nature...
Vi. Philosophy In The West. 1. Beginnings : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], p. 172 VI. PHILOSOPHY IN THE WEST. 1. BEGINNINGS. 1. Western North-Africa, Spain and Sicily are reckoned as forming the Muslim West. North-Africa, to begin with, is of subordinate importance: Sicily is regulated by Spain, and is so...
Vi. Philosophy In The West. 3. Ibn Tofail : * History of Philosophy in Islam, by T.J. de Boer [1904], 3. IBN TOFAIL. 1. The sovereignty over Western Islam remained with the Berbers, but the Almohads speedily took the place of the Almoravids. Mohammed ibn Tumart, the founder of the new dynasty, had, from the year 1121, come forward as Mahdi...
