Girls Puberty Ceremonies : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], GIRLS PUBERTY CEREMONIES. On arriving at the age of puberty a girl had formerly to undergo certain rites. A hole was dug in the ground several feet deep. In this stones were placed and a fire built to heat them. The stones...
Gums, Dyes, And Paint : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], GUMS, DYES, AND PAINT. The most useful pitch is the asphaltum found where it has been thrown up on the coast by the waves, also in some localities inland. This is used for various purposes, such as mending broken pottery...
Stone Implements : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 207 STONE IMPLEMENTS. Many stone implements have been found in the habitat of the Luiseos whose use they have lost all knowledge of, if indeed they were not left behind by some other tribe who formerly occupied...
Government : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 215 GOVERNMENT. There was no government worthy the name among the Luiseos, in which respect they seem not to have differed from most Indians of California. Each clan 4 appears to have inhabited a separate village...
Houses : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], HOUSES. The primitive house was of a conical form. A circular pit was dug in the earth, perhaps two feet deep. Some crotched poles were then set in the ground with the tops placed together, no king-pole being used. Other...
Mourning Ceremonies And Mourning : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], MOURNING CEREMONIES AND MOURNING. After the death of a husband his wife used to cut her hair short as a sign of mourning. Some follow this custom still. If a person was unmarried, some near relative might cut her hair off...
Fishing : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], FISHING. Mountain trout are found in a few localities in the upper San Luis Rey river, also in some of the mountain streams which empty into it. The only other fish is a very small one. The trout were taken when the water...
Flesh And Hunting : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], FLESH AND HUNTING. The largest game animal was the black-tail deer, formerly very abundant and still found. They were formerly hunted with bow and arrow, and were also, it is said, taken in snares. Those who hunted with bow...
Games : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 212 GAMES. The chief gambling game of the Luiseos, tepanish, Spanish pion, is played with four small pieces of bone and four of wood dyed black. Fifteen sticks of wood about a foot long and of the thickness of a lead...
Boys Puberty Ceremonies : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], BOYS PUBERTY CEREMONIES. Puberty ceremonies were generally performed with several boys at once, always of the same clan. The feast-chief 7 of the clan to which the boys belonged never performed the rites himself, but...
Shamanism : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], SHAMANISM. As may be supposed, witchcraft is still much believed in, though not nearly so much as formerly. A person whose children are dying, even of such a disease as consumption, will imagine that some evilly disposed...
Editor's Note : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 188 EDITOR'S NOTE. Philip Stedman Sparkman, the author of this paper, by birth an Englishman, was killed at his home at Rincon, near Valley Center, San Diego county, California, May 19, 1907. For years before his death...
Fire Making : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 209 FIRE MAKING. The wood most used for fire making is that of "Baccharis Douglasii". A flat stick of this, as dry as possible, is obtained and a shallow hole made in it, from which a small notch is cut to the edge...
Introduction : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], INTRODUCTION. The Luiseos belong to the large Shoshonean linguistic family, which includes the Bannocks of Idaho and Oregon, the Utes, Paiutes, Comanches, Mokis, and other tribes. Indians of Shoshonean family occupied...
Pottery : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], POTTERY. Some doubt has been expressed as to whether the Indians of Southern California understood the art of making pottery before the arrival of the friars. It does not seem that there is any doubt that at least some...
Appendix. Plants Used : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 228 APPENDIX. PLANTS USED BY THE LUISEOS. The following is a list of plants known to have been utilized by the Luiseos for various purposes, with their Luiseo, botanical, and English names when known. The writer is under...
Bows And Arrows : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], BOWS AND ARROWS. Bows are usually about five feet long, somewhat thicker in the middle, and gradually tapering towards the ends, the intent being to give more spring to the bow and carry the arrow with greater force. They...
Feather Objects : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], FEATHER OBJECTS. The most valuable article made from feathers is a sort of apron or waist dress, palut. This extends about half way around the body, the upper portion being net-work. To the lower part of the network...
Vegetable Food : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], p. 193 VEGETABLE FOOD. The Luiseos had a great variety of food, though to a casual observer the district they inhabit appears to be, for the most part, of a semi-desert character, especially in the latter half of the year...
Clothing : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], CLOTHING. The chief article of clothing was a cape-like garment of fur covering the upper part of the body and reaching almost to the knees, but this was probably only worn in the coldest weather. During most of the year...
Articles Made Of Plant Fibers : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], ARTICLES MADE OF PLANT FIBERS. The best fiber is made from dogbane or Indian hemp, "Apocynum cannabinum", a perennial plant with annual stems. The inner bark furnishes the fiber. Sometimes the outer covering is scraped off...
Title Page : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 187-234, Pl. 20 August 7, 1908 THE CULTURE OF THE LUISENO INDIANS BY PHILIP STEDMAN SPARKMAN BERKELEY [1908] Scanned, proofed...
Changichnish, The Raven : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], CHANGICHNISH, THE RAVEN. The raven was a bird much feared by the Luiseos. When one of these birds was heard croaking, or seen hovering about a village, or some of the old people dreamed of it, steps were immediately taken...
Marriage : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], MARRIAGE. Until recently a girl could not be taken for wife without the consent of her parents or guardian. The suitor had to make a bargain with them, and pay a price agreed upon, which seems to have been proportioned...
Miscellaneous Arts : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], MISCELLANEOUS ARTS. The root of "Chenopodium Californicum" was grated and used as soap, also the bulb of soap-root, "Chlorogalum pomeridianum". The fruit of the wild gourd, "Cucurbita foetidissima", is broken open when ripe...
Spirits And Monsters : * "The Culture of the Luiseo Indians", by Philip Stedman Sparkman, [1908], SPIRITS AND MONSTERS. There is still a strong belief in a malevolent water spirit, yuyungviwut. It is thought to belong to both sexes. The male is believed to spirit women away at night to his home in the water, not bodily...