From Puraa. Ambika
*
"Hymns to the Goddess", by John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon), [1913],
p. 106
Ambik 1
(eleventh Mhtmya Of Ca) 2
1
Dev, Thou who removeth the pain of Thy suppliants, 3
Be gracious, Be gracious, O Mother of the world!
Be gracious, O Queen of the universe!
Protect the universe.
Thou art, O Dev! the Ivar of all moving and unmoving things. 4
2
Thou art the only support of the world,
Because Thou wert in the form of earth.
By Thee who existed in the form of water
Is the whole universe pervaded.
Thou art She whose powers are unsurpassed.
3
Thou art the Vaiav akti 5 of eternal power;
p. 107
Thou art the seed of the universe,
And the supreme My.
All this universe has been bewitched by Thee.
Thou, when pleased, art the cause of salvation to men.
4
All sciences are parts of Thee,
As also all women without exception 1 throughout the world. 2
By Thee alone, O Mother! is the universe filled.
How can we praise Thee?
Art thou not beyond all Praise of highest speech?
5
When, 3 O Dev! 4 being in the form of the universe,
And bestowing heaven 5 and liberation, 6
Thou art worshipped,
What words, howsoever sublime, suffice for Thy praise?
p. 108
6
O Thou who existeth in the form of "buddhi" 1
In the heart of all beings,
Who art Giver of heaven and liberation
O Dev Nryai! 2 salutation to Thee.
7
In the form of moments, minutes, and other fractions of time,
Thou art the cause of (worldly) change.
At the time of the dissolution of the universe
Thou art all-powerful. 3
Nrya all reverence to Thee.
8
O Auspicious One! auspicious with all auspiciousness,
Accomplisher of all successful things,
Giver of refuge, Three-eyed one; 4
O Gaur! 5 O Nryai! all reverence to Thee.
9
O Eternal One! who art the energy 6
Of creation, maintenance, and destruction;
p. 109
Who art the abode of the qualities, 1
And are yet beyond them-- 2
O Nryai! all reverence to Thee.
10
O Thou who ever savest those in poverty and pain,
Who take shelter with Thee!
O Remover of the pains of all!
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
11
Rider in an aerial car yoked with swans, 3
Who assumed the form of Brhman, 4
Who sprinklest water in which "kua" grass 5 is steeped 6--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
12
Who holdeth trident, moon, and serpent, 7
Riding on a great bull 8
In the form of Mahevar 9--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
p. 110
13
Who art attended by fowl and peacock. 1
O faultless One!
Who holdeth a great "akti"-weapon, 2
And existeth in the form of Kaumr, 3--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
14
Who holdeth Thy great implements,
Which are the conch, discus, mace, and bow;
Who art in the form of Vaiav, 4
Be gracious,
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
15
Who holdeth the formidable discus,
And hast uplifted the earth with Thy tusks 5--
O auspicious One! in the form of a boar 6--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
16
O Thou who in the fierce man-lion form 7
Didst put forth effort to slay the Daityas,
p. 111
And who hast delivered the three worlds--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
17
Who weareth a diadem and beareth a great thunder-bolt,
Who dazzles with Thy thousand eyes, 1
Destructress of the life of Vritra, 2
Who art Aindr, 3
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
18
Who art in the form of ivadt, 4
Destructress of the great host of the Daityas,
Of terrible form and loud and terrible voice--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
19
Whose visage is formidable with its teeth,
Adorned with a garland of severed heads--
O Cmu! 5 is destructress of Mua 6--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
p. 112
20
Lakm, modesty, great knowledge, 1
Faith (in "stras"), nourishment, "svadh"; 2
Truth, permanent and unchangeable;
Great night of dissolution, great nescience 3--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
21
Understanding, 4 Sarasvat, the Best of all.
All Powers, 5 Spouse of Babhru, 6 Dark One, 7
Primeval akti. 8 Be gracious, O Lady!
Nry, all reverence to Thee.
22
Who art in the form of all things,
p. 113
Controller of all; who hast all power;
From the cause of all fear protect us, O Dev!
O Dev Durg! reverence to Thee.
23
Beautiful is Thy face adorned with three eyes.
Guard us from all (formidable) beings.
O Ktyyani! 1
Reverence to Thee.
24
May Thy trident most formidable with flame,
Slayer of countless Asuras,
Protect us from fear,
O Bhadrakli! 2
Reverence to Thee.
25
May Thy bell which destroys the power of Daityas,
Filling the world with its sound,
Guard us from sin,
As a mother 3 protects her children!
26
May Thy sword glittering in Thy hands,
Besmeared with the blood and fat of Asuras as with mire,
Be for our welfare!
O Caik; to Thee we bow.
p. 114
27
Thou, when gratified, dost destroy all forms of disease;
But if displeased, Thou dost destroy all longed-for desires.
Such as take shelter with Thee need fear no danger,
Since they become verily a refuge to themselves. 1
28
O Mother, who hast shown Thyself in many forms,
Who else than Thee is able to achieve
That destruction of the great Asuras,
Enemies of righteousness, 2
Which Thou hast wrought to-day.
29
In the sciences, 3 in all scriptures, 4 and in the great sayings 5
Which are the lamp of knowledge, 6
Who else is there but Thee
Who makes this universe again and again 7 revolve
p. 115
In the pit 1 of delusion 2 steeped in darkness.
30
Where there are Rkasas 3 and greatly poisonous serpents;
Where there are (armed) enemies;
Where there are highway robbers;
Where there is the forest and ocean 4 fire,
There abiding, 5 Thou dost guard the universe.
31
Queen of the universe art Thou and its guardian;
In the form of the universe Thou art its maintainer.
By the Lords 6 of the universe art Thou worshipped.
They, its supporters, have great devotion to Thee. 7
32
O Dev! be gracious;
Ever protect us from the fear of enemies
As Thou hast just now saved us by the slaughter of the Asuras.
p. 116
Make cease at once the sins of the whole world
And the great dangers which come of all portents. 1
33
O Dev! who takest away the afflictions of the universe.
Be gracious to us who make obeisance to Thee.
O Thou who art worthy of all praise,
Grant boons to the dwellers in the three 2 worlds. 3
Footnotes
106:1 Mother.
106:2 When the great Lord of the Asuras was slain by the Dev, Indra and other Devas (Agni at their head), with shining faces, offered praise to Ktyyan, because of the fulfilment of their desire.
106:3 Literally, "Those who come to take shelter with Her."
106:4 That is, the organic and inorganic world.
106:5 The energy of Viu, the sustaining power of the Universe.
107:1 \"Sakal". Nagoji Bhatta is not happy in his Commentary when he says that sakal here means "endowed with the sixty-four arts" (kal), such as dancing, music, painting, literature, acting, etc., and who are devoted to their husbands, modest, etc. The Dev is not, according to this noble line, in these only but in all women, however ignorant of the "arts" or low born they may be.
107:2
Vidyh samaststavadevi bhedh.
Striyah samasth sakal jagatsu.
The Devibhyam of Panchnana Tarkaratna translates the verse as, "All sciences, all things ("bhedh"), and all women are of Thee."
107:3 The verse here changes from "upendra vajr" to "anustup" metre.
107:4 That is, She who is, as Nagoji says, of a shining nature ("dyotana`sl").
107:5 \"Svarga".
107:6 \"Mukti".
108:1 That is, nischaytmakam jnnam.
108:2 For she is the support of all beings; "fem". of Nryana, a name of Viu.
108:3 For She is in the form of time.
108:4 As is Her Spouse iva with his third eye of wisdom.
108:5 Either as Nagoji says "white Dev," or the Dev of that name, who issued from the body of Mahdev.
108:6 The commentator says "that She is the possessor of it" ("akti"); but there is in reality no difference between "akti" and the possessor of "akti", though human understanding and speech may make such difference.
109:1 The "guas"--the three "sattva", "rajas", and "tamas", and their derivatives, the "Tattwas".
109:2 Nagoji says that "gunraye gunamaye" = "gunraye agunamaye". Though the "gunas" inhere in Her, She is not as is the "jva", affected by them.
109:3 See next note.
109:4 akti, or energy of Brahm whose vehicle ("vhana") is a swan ("hamsa"), or flamingo, as it is variously rendered.
109:5 Grass used in "pit ky" and "agni ky".
109:6 As Brahm does with the holy water ("ntijalam") from his pot called "kamaalu".
109:7 Associated with iva.
109:8 The "vhana" of iva.
109:9 akti, or energy of Mahevara or iva.
110:1 Both the cock and peacock are said in the Mahbhrata to be the "vhana" of Krtikeya. Gopal Chakravarti renders it, however, as "the best of peacocks."
110:2 A kind of missile, dart spear, lance, or pike.
110:3 The akti of Kumra, or Krtikeya, son of iva and Prvat and Commander of the celestial hosts.
110:4 The akti of Viu, who holds the conch, discus (cakra), etc.
110:5 See next note.
110:6 Viu, in His boar-incarnation, uplifted on His tusks the world which had been submerged in the waters.
110:7 As akti of Viu in the "narasimha" incarnation, in which He slew the Daitya Hiranyakaipu.
111:1 The Dev is here invoked as Aindri, the akti of Indra, who is crowned, and whose weapon, like that of Jupiter, is the thunderbolt and who has a thousand eyes.
111:2 An Asura slain by Indra.
111:3 See note 1, "ante".
111:4 The Dev is known as ivadt, because iva was engaged by Her as messenger to umbha and Niumbha.
yatoniyukto dautyena tay devy ivah svayam
ivadtti lokesmingstatah s khyutim gat.
Ca, eighth Mhtmya.
111:5 Dev is so called because She slew the Asuras Canda and Mua (see verse 25, chap. vii. Cand).
111:6 \"Muamathane"; not as one translation of the Ca has it, "who grindest shaven heads."
112:1 That is, as Nagoji says, the knowledge pertaining to the "tman" ("adhytmavidy") contained in the Upaniads; not "wide knowledge," as last mentioned translator renders it.
112:2 \"Mantra" of "Pits".
112:3 For Dev is both "vidy" (knowledge) and "avidy" (nescience), or "Prakti".
112:4 \"Medh", which Nagoji says = "dhranvati buddhi", or firm, steady, concentrated "buddhi".
112:5 \"Bhti", which ordinarily means wealth = here, according to Gopal Chakravarti "aivaryarpin"--that is, the eighth "siddhi"; or, according to Nagoji, it is "sattvapradhna" ("greatly excelling in "sattva gua").
112:6 A name of iva, Viu, or Fire. According to Nagoji the "rajogua akti" is here indicated.
112:7 \"Tmas"--that is, "tamogunayukt".
112:8 \"Niyate", which ordinarily means fate ("adrisa"); but here denotes, according to Nagoji, the "Mlaakti", the root or primeval akti. It does not mean, an stated in the last-mentioned translation, "O self-controlled Queen!". In the case of the Dev there is no self to be controlled. She controls others, not Herself.
113:1 According to Gopal, the Dev is so called because She was born in the hermitage of the "Muni" Ktyyana, but the Vedantists say that "Ktya" is he who is devoted to the Brahman ("brahmania"), and She who is attained by them is Ktyyan.
113:2 Auspicious Kl.
113:3 \"Anah".
114:1 As Gopal says, even Rajahs, not to mention others, become the slaves of such an one.
114:2 \"Dharma".
114:3 There are fourteen kinds of "vidy"--viz., four Veda, six Anga, Mimmsa, Nyya, Dharmastra, Pur. Gopal says "vidy" and "upavidy", such as Indrajla, Grudakadyh, Dhanurvidy, etc.
114:4 \"stra"--that is, "tarka" (logic), "nti". etc.
114:5 Literally; the "first sayings"--that is Veda or the Karmaka.
114:6 \"Viveka" = "jnna" (Gopal).
114:7 \"Atva".
115:1 The reference is to the "samsra". It is a "pit," for men fall into it; and it is "dark," for it obstructs knowledge.
115:2 \"Mamatvam", which Gopal defines as "asvakye svakiyatvbhimnah"--the sense of ownness in respect of a thing not one's own--"e.g.", to take the body to be the self; to think I am white, I am tall, etc
115:3 Demonic beings.
115:4 That is, the submarine fire.
115:5 Because She pervades all things.
115:6 Indra, Brahm, etc.
115:7 Gopla Chakravarti renders it: "Those who are devoted to Thee are themselves worshipped--even by Indra, Brahm, etc., the Lords of the Universe--therefore Thou art the supporter of the universe."
116:1 Unusual phenomena, such as earthquakes, comets, hurricanes, etc.
116:2 \"Bhuh", "bhuvah", "svah" (see "Introduction to Tantra stra").
116:3 Then Dev said: "Now I bestow a boon, O Devas" (Ca).
"Hymns to the Goddess", by John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon), [1913],
p. 106
Ambik 1
(eleventh Mhtmya Of Ca) 2
1
Dev, Thou who removeth the pain of Thy suppliants, 3
Be gracious, Be gracious, O Mother of the world!
Be gracious, O Queen of the universe!
Protect the universe.
Thou art, O Dev! the Ivar of all moving and unmoving things. 4
2
Thou art the only support of the world,
Because Thou wert in the form of earth.
By Thee who existed in the form of water
Is the whole universe pervaded.
Thou art She whose powers are unsurpassed.
3
Thou art the Vaiav akti 5 of eternal power;
p. 107
Thou art the seed of the universe,
And the supreme My.
All this universe has been bewitched by Thee.
Thou, when pleased, art the cause of salvation to men.
4
All sciences are parts of Thee,
As also all women without exception 1 throughout the world. 2
By Thee alone, O Mother! is the universe filled.
How can we praise Thee?
Art thou not beyond all Praise of highest speech?
5
When, 3 O Dev! 4 being in the form of the universe,
And bestowing heaven 5 and liberation, 6
Thou art worshipped,
What words, howsoever sublime, suffice for Thy praise?
p. 108
6
O Thou who existeth in the form of "buddhi" 1
In the heart of all beings,
Who art Giver of heaven and liberation
O Dev Nryai! 2 salutation to Thee.
7
In the form of moments, minutes, and other fractions of time,
Thou art the cause of (worldly) change.
At the time of the dissolution of the universe
Thou art all-powerful. 3
Nrya all reverence to Thee.
8
O Auspicious One! auspicious with all auspiciousness,
Accomplisher of all successful things,
Giver of refuge, Three-eyed one; 4
O Gaur! 5 O Nryai! all reverence to Thee.
9
O Eternal One! who art the energy 6
Of creation, maintenance, and destruction;
p. 109
Who art the abode of the qualities, 1
And are yet beyond them-- 2
O Nryai! all reverence to Thee.
10
O Thou who ever savest those in poverty and pain,
Who take shelter with Thee!
O Remover of the pains of all!
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
11
Rider in an aerial car yoked with swans, 3
Who assumed the form of Brhman, 4
Who sprinklest water in which "kua" grass 5 is steeped 6--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
12
Who holdeth trident, moon, and serpent, 7
Riding on a great bull 8
In the form of Mahevar 9--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
p. 110
13
Who art attended by fowl and peacock. 1
O faultless One!
Who holdeth a great "akti"-weapon, 2
And existeth in the form of Kaumr, 3--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
14
Who holdeth Thy great implements,
Which are the conch, discus, mace, and bow;
Who art in the form of Vaiav, 4
Be gracious,
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
15
Who holdeth the formidable discus,
And hast uplifted the earth with Thy tusks 5--
O auspicious One! in the form of a boar 6--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
16
O Thou who in the fierce man-lion form 7
Didst put forth effort to slay the Daityas,
p. 111
And who hast delivered the three worlds--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
17
Who weareth a diadem and beareth a great thunder-bolt,
Who dazzles with Thy thousand eyes, 1
Destructress of the life of Vritra, 2
Who art Aindr, 3
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
18
Who art in the form of ivadt, 4
Destructress of the great host of the Daityas,
Of terrible form and loud and terrible voice--
Nryai, all reverence to Thee.
19
Whose visage is formidable with its teeth,
Adorned with a garland of severed heads--
O Cmu! 5 is destructress of Mua 6--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
p. 112
20
Lakm, modesty, great knowledge, 1
Faith (in "stras"), nourishment, "svadh"; 2
Truth, permanent and unchangeable;
Great night of dissolution, great nescience 3--
Nrya, all reverence to Thee.
21
Understanding, 4 Sarasvat, the Best of all.
All Powers, 5 Spouse of Babhru, 6 Dark One, 7
Primeval akti. 8 Be gracious, O Lady!
Nry, all reverence to Thee.
22
Who art in the form of all things,
p. 113
Controller of all; who hast all power;
From the cause of all fear protect us, O Dev!
O Dev Durg! reverence to Thee.
23
Beautiful is Thy face adorned with three eyes.
Guard us from all (formidable) beings.
O Ktyyani! 1
Reverence to Thee.
24
May Thy trident most formidable with flame,
Slayer of countless Asuras,
Protect us from fear,
O Bhadrakli! 2
Reverence to Thee.
25
May Thy bell which destroys the power of Daityas,
Filling the world with its sound,
Guard us from sin,
As a mother 3 protects her children!
26
May Thy sword glittering in Thy hands,
Besmeared with the blood and fat of Asuras as with mire,
Be for our welfare!
O Caik; to Thee we bow.
p. 114
27
Thou, when gratified, dost destroy all forms of disease;
But if displeased, Thou dost destroy all longed-for desires.
Such as take shelter with Thee need fear no danger,
Since they become verily a refuge to themselves. 1
28
O Mother, who hast shown Thyself in many forms,
Who else than Thee is able to achieve
That destruction of the great Asuras,
Enemies of righteousness, 2
Which Thou hast wrought to-day.
29
In the sciences, 3 in all scriptures, 4 and in the great sayings 5
Which are the lamp of knowledge, 6
Who else is there but Thee
Who makes this universe again and again 7 revolve
p. 115
In the pit 1 of delusion 2 steeped in darkness.
30
Where there are Rkasas 3 and greatly poisonous serpents;
Where there are (armed) enemies;
Where there are highway robbers;
Where there is the forest and ocean 4 fire,
There abiding, 5 Thou dost guard the universe.
31
Queen of the universe art Thou and its guardian;
In the form of the universe Thou art its maintainer.
By the Lords 6 of the universe art Thou worshipped.
They, its supporters, have great devotion to Thee. 7
32
O Dev! be gracious;
Ever protect us from the fear of enemies
As Thou hast just now saved us by the slaughter of the Asuras.
p. 116
Make cease at once the sins of the whole world
And the great dangers which come of all portents. 1
33
O Dev! who takest away the afflictions of the universe.
Be gracious to us who make obeisance to Thee.
O Thou who art worthy of all praise,
Grant boons to the dwellers in the three 2 worlds. 3
Footnotes
106:1 Mother.
106:2 When the great Lord of the Asuras was slain by the Dev, Indra and other Devas (Agni at their head), with shining faces, offered praise to Ktyyan, because of the fulfilment of their desire.
106:3 Literally, "Those who come to take shelter with Her."
106:4 That is, the organic and inorganic world.
106:5 The energy of Viu, the sustaining power of the Universe.
107:1 \"Sakal". Nagoji Bhatta is not happy in his Commentary when he says that sakal here means "endowed with the sixty-four arts" (kal), such as dancing, music, painting, literature, acting, etc., and who are devoted to their husbands, modest, etc. The Dev is not, according to this noble line, in these only but in all women, however ignorant of the "arts" or low born they may be.
107:2
Vidyh samaststavadevi bhedh.
Striyah samasth sakal jagatsu.
The Devibhyam of Panchnana Tarkaratna translates the verse as, "All sciences, all things ("bhedh"), and all women are of Thee."
107:3 The verse here changes from "upendra vajr" to "anustup" metre.
107:4 That is, She who is, as Nagoji says, of a shining nature ("dyotana`sl").
107:5 \"Svarga".
107:6 \"Mukti".
108:1 That is, nischaytmakam jnnam.
108:2 For she is the support of all beings; "fem". of Nryana, a name of Viu.
108:3 For She is in the form of time.
108:4 As is Her Spouse iva with his third eye of wisdom.
108:5 Either as Nagoji says "white Dev," or the Dev of that name, who issued from the body of Mahdev.
108:6 The commentator says "that She is the possessor of it" ("akti"); but there is in reality no difference between "akti" and the possessor of "akti", though human understanding and speech may make such difference.
109:1 The "guas"--the three "sattva", "rajas", and "tamas", and their derivatives, the "Tattwas".
109:2 Nagoji says that "gunraye gunamaye" = "gunraye agunamaye". Though the "gunas" inhere in Her, She is not as is the "jva", affected by them.
109:3 See next note.
109:4 akti, or energy of Brahm whose vehicle ("vhana") is a swan ("hamsa"), or flamingo, as it is variously rendered.
109:5 Grass used in "pit ky" and "agni ky".
109:6 As Brahm does with the holy water ("ntijalam") from his pot called "kamaalu".
109:7 Associated with iva.
109:8 The "vhana" of iva.
109:9 akti, or energy of Mahevara or iva.
110:1 Both the cock and peacock are said in the Mahbhrata to be the "vhana" of Krtikeya. Gopal Chakravarti renders it, however, as "the best of peacocks."
110:2 A kind of missile, dart spear, lance, or pike.
110:3 The akti of Kumra, or Krtikeya, son of iva and Prvat and Commander of the celestial hosts.
110:4 The akti of Viu, who holds the conch, discus (cakra), etc.
110:5 See next note.
110:6 Viu, in His boar-incarnation, uplifted on His tusks the world which had been submerged in the waters.
110:7 As akti of Viu in the "narasimha" incarnation, in which He slew the Daitya Hiranyakaipu.
111:1 The Dev is here invoked as Aindri, the akti of Indra, who is crowned, and whose weapon, like that of Jupiter, is the thunderbolt and who has a thousand eyes.
111:2 An Asura slain by Indra.
111:3 See note 1, "ante".
111:4 The Dev is known as ivadt, because iva was engaged by Her as messenger to umbha and Niumbha.
yatoniyukto dautyena tay devy ivah svayam
ivadtti lokesmingstatah s khyutim gat.
Ca, eighth Mhtmya.
111:5 Dev is so called because She slew the Asuras Canda and Mua (see verse 25, chap. vii. Cand).
111:6 \"Muamathane"; not as one translation of the Ca has it, "who grindest shaven heads."
112:1 That is, as Nagoji says, the knowledge pertaining to the "tman" ("adhytmavidy") contained in the Upaniads; not "wide knowledge," as last mentioned translator renders it.
112:2 \"Mantra" of "Pits".
112:3 For Dev is both "vidy" (knowledge) and "avidy" (nescience), or "Prakti".
112:4 \"Medh", which Nagoji says = "dhranvati buddhi", or firm, steady, concentrated "buddhi".
112:5 \"Bhti", which ordinarily means wealth = here, according to Gopal Chakravarti "aivaryarpin"--that is, the eighth "siddhi"; or, according to Nagoji, it is "sattvapradhna" ("greatly excelling in "sattva gua").
112:6 A name of iva, Viu, or Fire. According to Nagoji the "rajogua akti" is here indicated.
112:7 \"Tmas"--that is, "tamogunayukt".
112:8 \"Niyate", which ordinarily means fate ("adrisa"); but here denotes, according to Nagoji, the "Mlaakti", the root or primeval akti. It does not mean, an stated in the last-mentioned translation, "O self-controlled Queen!". In the case of the Dev there is no self to be controlled. She controls others, not Herself.
113:1 According to Gopal, the Dev is so called because She was born in the hermitage of the "Muni" Ktyyana, but the Vedantists say that "Ktya" is he who is devoted to the Brahman ("brahmania"), and She who is attained by them is Ktyyan.
113:2 Auspicious Kl.
113:3 \"Anah".
114:1 As Gopal says, even Rajahs, not to mention others, become the slaves of such an one.
114:2 \"Dharma".
114:3 There are fourteen kinds of "vidy"--viz., four Veda, six Anga, Mimmsa, Nyya, Dharmastra, Pur. Gopal says "vidy" and "upavidy", such as Indrajla, Grudakadyh, Dhanurvidy, etc.
114:4 \"stra"--that is, "tarka" (logic), "nti". etc.
114:5 Literally; the "first sayings"--that is Veda or the Karmaka.
114:6 \"Viveka" = "jnna" (Gopal).
114:7 \"Atva".
115:1 The reference is to the "samsra". It is a "pit," for men fall into it; and it is "dark," for it obstructs knowledge.
115:2 \"Mamatvam", which Gopal defines as "asvakye svakiyatvbhimnah"--the sense of ownness in respect of a thing not one's own--"e.g.", to take the body to be the self; to think I am white, I am tall, etc
115:3 Demonic beings.
115:4 That is, the submarine fire.
115:5 Because She pervades all things.
115:6 Indra, Brahm, etc.
115:7 Gopla Chakravarti renders it: "Those who are devoted to Thee are themselves worshipped--even by Indra, Brahm, etc., the Lords of the Universe--therefore Thou art the supporter of the universe."
116:1 Unusual phenomena, such as earthquakes, comets, hurricanes, etc.
116:2 \"Bhuh", "bhuvah", "svah" (see "Introduction to Tantra stra").
116:3 Then Dev said: "Now I bestow a boon, O Devas" (Ca).
