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Notes. Chapter Ix

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"Jewish Magic and Superstition", by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939],

Chapter Ix

The Magical Procedure

1.
\"Raziel", 3a, 4a; cf. Gaster, "Sword of Moses", 28, 48;--Ms. "S. Gematriaot", 36a, 47a, 48b, 57a.

2.
See Thorndike, I, 162; Montgomery, 46 f., 56; Marmorstein, "JJV", I (1923), 295.

3.
\"Shab." 66b; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 25; Landshuth, p. vii; "Taame HaMinhagim", I, 46b, 353; Lauterbach, "CCAR Yearbook", Xlii (1932), 347 f.; Casanowicz, "Journal Amer. Or. Soc.", Xxxvi (1917), 165, n. 28; cf. Montgomery, 49; Grunwald, "MGWJ", Lxxvii (1933), 161; Frazer, "The Magic Art", I, 65; Lewy, "AR", Xxix (1931), 189 ff.

4.
Blau, 147-49; Steinschneider, "Cat. Munich", 109, and Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 80 ff.; cf. Gaster, op. cit., 35, 42; Wuttke, 183-4; "MGWJ", loc. cit.

5.
\"A. Z." 12b and Rashi; "Taame HaMinhagim", II, 44b; Perles, "Etym. Studien", 78; Heller, "REJ", Lv (1908), 69-71; Gaster, "Studies and Texts", Iii, 228; \"Raziel" 33b, 40b; Gollancz, "Clavic. Sal.", 36.

6.
\"Shab." 66b.

7.
Blau, 13, 77; \"Tos. R. H." jib; Rashbam, "Pes." 110a; Kaufmann, "JQR", "OS", Iv (1892), 559; \"Tashbe" 550; "S. as. B" 59; cf. Elworthy, 404 ff. R. Samuel h. Meir felt that while the fifth cup might be unnecessary so far as fear of demons was concerned, it might still be effective against magic (Rashbam and "Tos. Pes." 109b, s. v. "Raba").

8.
\"Testament of Judah", 25, 29-36, 38-40; \"S. as. B" 59, 477; \"Kol Bo" 60; etc.

9.
Rashi "Shab." 66b; Gaster, "Sword of Moses", pp. 35, 38, 43; \"S. as." 377, 815. See Franck, 134 f. and Ginsburg, 148 ff. on the Kabbalistic doctrine of numbers; cf. Aristophanes, "The Frogs", trans. by Gilbert Murray, N. Y. 1925, p. 86:

The man was talking to the dead, you dog,

Who are always called three times--and then don't hear.

p. 294

10.
Blau, 73-4, 82; Gaster, op. cit., pp. 36, 37, 39; \"Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 4, 19, 22, 121, 125; \"Raziel", 42a; Perles, "Graetz Jubelschrift", p. 28.

11.
\"S. as. B" 1153; cf. Singer, "Proc. Brit. Acad.", 1919-20, 353 f.; Wuttke, 90; Grimm, I, 503, 505, Iii, 469, 950; Lwinger, "Der Traum", 30 f.; Kugler, "Hilprecht Anniversary Volume", 308. There are many examples of nine in medieval Jewish magic and superstition; see, "e.g.", "S. as." 1468; "B" 1146; Gd. I, 117, n. 7, 206, n. 2; Grunwald, "MJV", Xix (1906), 114, 116.

12. E
.g., numbers associated with the divine names, as 72 ("MJV", Xix [1906] 114); 10, connected with the Ten Commandments (Gaster, "Studies and Texts", Iii, 228; \"MJV", Xix, 116); 6 (\"Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 8, 122), 21 and 24 ("MJV", Xix, 1 14); etc.

13.
\"San." 101a and Rashi; Blau 162 f.; Wellesz, "MJV", Xxxv (1910), 117; Thorndike, I, 93, 174; Wuttke, 184.

14.
\"Taanit" 19a and 23a ff. ("Yoasin", Fkft. 1924, p. 63, contains a Geonic statement relating "Meagel" to a town of that name); "iyuni" 22b; Levita, "Tishbi", s. v. Lilit; cf. Daiches, p. 32; Scheftelowitz, "Stell. Huhnopfer", ch. 6; De Givry, 104 f.; Knuchel, "Die Umwandlung", Basel 1919; Bischoff, 76, 97, 182 ff.

15.
Marmorstein, "JJV", I (1923), 283.

16.
\"Healu", XII (Vienna 1887), 96; \"Kerem emed" VI (Prague 1841), 5; Marmorstein, "MGWJ", Lxxi (1927), 48; \"JE", V, 46; Gd. I, 52-3; Isserles, "Yore Deah" 340:3 (cf. Krauss, "MJV", Liii [1915], P. 18);--\"Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 2, 5, 7, 18, 19, 20, 21, 37, 92, 109, 119, 125; \"Raziel", 41b, 42a, 45a; Ms. "S. Gematriaot", 56b, 70a. According to Schudt (ii, Vi, 6:5), Nu. 11:2, written on a bread-crust, was thrown into a fire to extinguish it.

17.
\"Raziel", 45b;--Frazer, "The Magic Art", I, 55 ff.; De Givry, 191 f.; Murray, 116 f.; Lea III, 451 ff.; Grimm Iii, 420, 430;--Gaster, "Sword of Moses", 39, 68; Gd. I, 207, n. 2.

18.
Ms. "S. Gematriaot" 27a-b, 55b, 68a, 71b (cf. Daiches, 21);--Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 82.

19.
Gd. loc. cit.; "S. as. B" 1159, 1162; \"ochmat HaNefesh" 29d; "iyuni" 5c; Thorndike Ii, 350.

20.
Samter, 121 ff.; "HERE", Vii, 747; Blau, 157 f., 164; Marmorstein, "JJV", I (1923) 291 ff.; Rashi "Shab." 57b; Gandz, "Isis", Xiv (1930), 194; Gaster, op. cit., 51; Wohlstein 16; "Rokea" 316, p. 83a; "Nishmat ayim" Iii, 18; J. Lipez, 35; cf. Montgomery, 52; Grimm II, 983; Wuttke 461; I. Scheftelowitz, "Das Schlingen- and Netzmotiv im Glauben and Brauch der Vlker", Giessen 1912; cf. also "S. as." 380, 1162, 1566, 1910; \"Paanea Raza" 67a. For the use of "asar" with this special meaning in older Jewish literature see "Targum Jon." Deut. 24:6; "Aggadat Bereshit", Introd. 38; L. Ginzberg, "Geonica" (1909), p. 152.

21.
Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 83; \"MJV", Xix (1906), 108, 110-111. Schudt, loc. cit., reports an interesting instance of sympathetic magic: to put out a fire, one would go to a spot where he could overlook the entire conflagration, and, while slowly reciting Nu. 11:2, pour with each syllable a drop of water into a pan of burning coals.

22.
\"Tos. Niddah" 17a; "S. as." 683; Lipez 105; cf. "Shab." 75b.

23.
Frazer, op. cit., 148 f.; Strack 77 ff.; Wuttke 134 ff.; Scheftelowitz, "Stell. Huhnopfer", ch. 9, 12; Grunwald, "JJV", I (1923), 19; \"JE", Iii, 260;--\"Raziel" 41a; "MGJV", loc. cit., "MJV", Xix (1906), 112; \"Paanea Raza" 86b; cf. Gaster, op. cit., 39, 64, 46, n. 6; Gollancz, op. cit., 25-6. It should be noted that the inclusion of sweat in these prescriptions ran counter to a strong belief that human perspiration (except that of the face) is poisonous (cf. "Yore Deah" 116:4). On the "egg laid on a Thursday" see ch. III, n. 52, above. These lines from Hans

p. 295

[paragraph continues] Vintler's "Blumen der Tugend" (Grimm Iii, 422) may be compared with the final recipe:

ettlich legent des widhoffen hertze

des nachtes auf die schlauffende ltt,

das es in haimlich ding bettt

vnd vil zaubry vnrain.

24.
Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 25, 14; Perles, "Graetz Jubelschrift", 29; Ms. "Raziel" 31 a-b; cf. Gaster, op. cit., 47, 12. A few like recipes are also to be found in the Talmud; cf. "e.g.", "Ber." 6a: "If one wishes to see the evil spirits, he must take the afterbirth of a first-born black cat, which is the daughter of a firstborn black cat, burn it and grind it to a powder, and put the ash in his eye."

25.
\"Hadar Zekenim" on Ex. 22: 17; \"Raziel", 3a-b, 6b; Ms. "Raziel", 24b f.; cf. "Yore Deah" 179: 19.
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