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Notes. Chapter Xiii

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"Jewish Magic and Superstition", by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939],

Chapter Xiii

Medicine

1.
See Gd. I, 197-8, 212, Iii, 130, 196 ff.;--Krauss, "Gesch. jd. rzte", 43, 52-3, 58-9; \"JE", Viii, 417;--Thorndike, Iv, 126;--Steinschneider, "HB", Xvii (1877), 60-61; see Julius Preuss, "Biblisch-talmudische Medizin", Berlin 1923, for the older material, and also Steinschneider, "Zur medicinischen Literatur,"

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op. cit., 56, 114, Xix (1879), 35, 64, 84, 105, 108, and L. Venetianer, "Asaf Judus", Strassburg 1916-7. Some physicians, in their experiments with chemistry, probably dabbled in alchemy also, but this branch of the magical arts had in general very little currency among Jews. Steinschneider says that "Hebrew literature contains remarkably little material on this subject"; I have not found any reference to or directions for the practice of alchemy in the literary works produced in Northern Europe, although Jews were popularly believed to be adepts. See G. Scholem, "Alchemie and Kabbala, MGWJ", Lxix (1925), 13-20, 95-110, 371-4, and Lxx (1926), 202-9; R. Eisler, "Zur Terminologie u. Geschichte der jd. Alchemie, MGWJ", Lxix (1925), 364-71, Lxx (1926), 194-201; cf. Thorndike, I, 772-3.

2.
\"Leket Yosher", Ii, 15, 17; \"Brantspiegel", ch. 15; "MJV", Xix (1906), iii, 116.

3.
Grimm, I, 486 f.; Ginzberg, "Legends", Iii, 52-4, Vi, 21-22; \"HaOrah", Ii, 158, pp. 230-1; "Kol Bo", 41; Gd. I, 210, n. 6.

4.
\"Ber." 43b; "Shab." 113b and Rashi; "Teshubot HaGeonim" (ed. Musafia), 54; B. Lewin, "Otzar HaGaonim", Haifa 1928, I, 97; \"Tos. Pes." 100b; "Rabiah", Ii, 135-6; \"Ma. Vit." 83-4, 106; \"Kol Bo", 35a, 31; "HaManhig", "Hil. Shab.", 15; "Emek Beracha", Ii, 54, P. 65a; Strack, 58; "Maharil", 28a; "Kiur Shelah", In. "Shab.", p. 1,8;--"Pirke de R. Eliezer", ch. 20; "Siddur Rashi", 534, P. 267; \"Ma. Vit.", 150, p. 116; "HaManhig", "Hil. Shab.", 65; Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 2a; "Ora ayim" 328:20;--\"Rabiah", I, 413, 383; Glassberg, 98; "Tos. A. Z.", 29a; "Semag", I, 45, end, and "Amude Shlomo" on this passage; "Or Zarua", IV, 22b, 151; "Yore Deah" 156:2; Preis, "Die Medizin in der Kabbala", 19.

5.
\"Kol Bo", 31, p. 31a; "Iggeret HaTiyul", 6b; Thorndike, I, 728; Rivers, p. 82; the Talmudic regulations concerning phlebotomy (cf. "Shab." 129b, etc.) were strictly adhered to during the Middle Ages.

6.
\"Brantspiegel", ch. 4; Perles, "Beitrge", 147; "S. as." 345, 153; \"Yore Deah" 179:6; cf. Thorndike, I, 654, Iv, 126.

7. M.
\"Yoma", Viii, 5; \"Taame HaMinhagim", II, 41a (cf. "Tachkemoni", I [Bern 1910] 7, for a similar opinion by Sherira Gaon);--Glassberg, 142; Grunwald, "MJV", Xix (1906), 116; \"Hadar Zekenim" and "Daat Zekenim" on Gen. 32:32; "S. as. B" 59; "Niaon", 114; cf. Frazer, "The Magic Art", I, 80 f.; Elworthy, 71.

8.
Rivers, 7, 51; cf. "JE", V, 426-7; Blau, 22-3, 55-6, etc.

9. 174.

10.
\"Rokea", 221; "Tashbe", 445; "Raben", 271; Gd. I, 215; \"Tos. Yoma" 77b;--"S. as." 161; "Orot ayim", 53; "Ora ayim" 170:16; "Kiur Shelah", p. 22; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 27; cf. Montgomery, 89 ff., and Blau, loc. cit.

11.
\"S. as." 1464.

12.
\"S. as. B" 1170; "ochmat HaNefesh", 26e.

13.
Wellesz, "MJV", Xxxv (1910), 120; cf. Thorndike, I, 658-60, etc.

14.
\"Shab." 67a; "Pesakim Uketabim", g6; "Responsa" of Solomon Luria, 3; "Ber Heteb" to "Yore Deah" 179: t; "Joseph Ome", 352.

15.
\"Yore Deah" 179:6; "Mordecai", "Shab." 527, p. 12d; "S. as." 1468; cf. Thorndike, I, 582-3;--\"Yore Deah" 155:1 and "Lebush"; Blau, 29; Wellesz, "MJV", Xxxv (1910), 117, 118, cites this gloss from a "Mordecai" ms. of the Paris Rabbinical School: ().

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cf. Jacobs, "Jews of Angevin England", 153;--g. Caro, I, 136; \"S. as." 1352. Speaking of relics, it is related that "once a Gentile produced a shirt which he claimed had been worn by Jesus. 'If you don't believe me, just watch!' and he threw the shirt into a fire, but it didn't burn. The priests and monks turned to the Jews who were present and challenged them, 'Now you know that this shirt is holy.' But a Jew stepped forward with, 'Here, give it to me and I'll show you what it's all about.' Using strong vinegar and soap he scrubbed it vigorously before their eyes and then returned it, saying, 'Now throw it in the fire and see what happens.' They did so and it was instantly consumed. He then explained, 'It was smeared with a salamander extract which I washed off'" ("S. as." 1809). The belief that the salamander was invulnerable to fire was very widespread in the Middle Ages, cf. Ginzberg, "Legends", V, 52, n. 157, 158.

16.
\"Paanea Raza" on Lev. 19:26, p. 91b; Perles, "Beitrge", 105; on the Brmutter charm see Gdemann, "MGWJ", Xxiv (1875), 271, and ibid., Lx (1916), 138; Staerk, ibid., Lxvi (1922), 203; Perles, "Graetz Jubelschrift", 28; Gd. I, 216, n. to; A. Mller, "Ztschr. f. deutsches Altertum", Xix (1876), 476; Grimm, Ii, 969;--Perles, "Graetz Jubelschrift", 28-9; "S. as. B" 1153. On numbers in medicine see Rivers, 88 ff.

17,
Grunwald, "MJV", Xix (1906), Iii, 115, 116; Steinschneider, "HB", Xvii (1877), 60-61; cf. Gaster, "Sword of Moses", p. xiii, 11. 2, 21; Thorndike, I, 730, Iv, 129; Elworthy, 401.

18.
\"Sheb." 15b; "Yore Deah" 179:8, g; ms. "S. Gematriaot", 47a, 49a, 54b, 63a; "Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 3, 6, 49, 119; Grunwald, "MJV", Xix (1906), 116; cf. also pp. 105 f. above.

19.
Strack, 19; Blau, 161 f.; "Rabiah", I, 330; \"Mordecai", "Shab." 523, p. 12e; Gd. I, 216; \"Kol Bo", 31, p. 31a; "Leket Yosher", Ii, 15; \"Ora ayim" 328:20;--\"S. as." 12,8; "Mordecai", "Pes." 781, p. 19a; "Responsa" of Meir of Rothenburg (ed. Budapest), 160; "Tashbe", 555; "Or Zarua", IV, 21d; "Maharil", 75a; "Ora ayim" 328:25 and 48; cf. Wellesz, "MJV", Xxxv (1910), 119; Thorndike, I, 582, Iv, 134; etc.

20.
\"San." Iola and Rashi; Blau, 72, n. 1; "Responsa" of Meir of Rothenburg, (Budapest), 55; cf. Krauss, "Geschichte jd. rzte", 49; E. F. Knuchel, 69;--"Rabiah", 285, 391; \"Mordecai", "Shab." 499, p. 12a, 528, p. 12d; "Responsa" of Meir of Rothenburg (Lemberg), 175; (Budapest), 512; "Tashbe", 45; "Amude Shlomo" to "Semag", I, 65; "Yore Deah" 179: 11; Wellesz, "MJV", Xxxv (1910), 118; Gd. I, 215; Zimmels, "Beitrge", 66; cf. Grimm, II, 974 f., Iii, 343, 411; Wuttke, 339 f.

21.
Blau, 73; "S. as." 1523; cf. Azulai's note to "S. as. B" 445.

22.
Professor Lauterbach has written a very interesting essay on this subject, "The Naming of Children in Jewish Folklore, Ritual and Practice, C.c.a.r. Yearbook", Xlii (1932), 316-60, in which he discusses all the material in detail. The references that apply directly to this discussion are: "R. H." 16b; "Semag", II, 16; Samter, 98 f., 106 f.; "S. as. B". 244; "Responsa" of Israel Bruna, 101; "Leket Yosher", Ii, 83; \"Kol Bo", 76; "S. as." 365. See also S. W. Baron, "Sefer HaYovel Le Professor Shmuel Krauss", Jerusalem 1937, p. 218, for an instance of a change of name during illness, on the part of an Italian Jew, to Hezekiah ("YHVH strengthens").

23.
\"Shab." 66b and Rashi; "Ora ayim" 301: 24;--\"S. as." 211; B 205; Gd. I, 208, n. I; Perles, "MGWJ", Xxix (1880), 333; Glassberg, 139 and Introd. p. xix; Ducange, s. v. "boucage"; Grimm, Ii, 1016, Iii, 359; Wuttke, 105; Berliner, "Aus dem Leben", 134.

24.
Gd. I, 215;--\"San." 47b; "Raben", 230d; "Yore Deah", 368:1; cf. Seligmann, "Mag. Heil- u. Schutzmittel", 149 ff.;--Gaster, "Studies and Texts", Iii, 229-30;

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[paragraph continues] "Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 19; cf. Samter, 145 f., 214; Seligmann, op. cit., 151 ff.; Wuttke, 89 f.

25.
Gd. I, 214; \"Maharil", 18b; Isserles, "Ora ayim" 453: t; cf. "Shimmush Tehillim", Ps. 13; Krauss, op. cit., 49;--Grunwald, "MJV", Xix (1906), 117; cf. Gaster, op. cit., Iii, 229. See also I. Lw, "Die Flora der Juden", IV, 341 ff.
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