Notes. Chapter Xv
*
"Jewish Magic and Superstition", by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939],
Chapter Xv
Dreams
1. Cf. Thorndike, I, 123; Gd. I, 81-2; \"Semag", Introd.; Gross, "Gallia Judaica", 20; "Nishmat ayim", Introd.; see "JE", IV, 654 ff. and A. Kristianpoller, "Traum und Traumdeutung, Monumenta Talmudica", IV, for the Biblical and Talmudic data on dreams; Bischoff, 63 ff., 158 ff.
2. \"Or Zarua", IV, 27d, 200; "Tashbe", 352; "Mordecai", B.k. 2, P. 40c and Introd. to Krakau ed. of "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim" (see also "Shelah", II, 201a); ibid., Livorno 1818 and Krakau 1895; "HB", Xiv (1874), 131; Malter, "Dreams", 201-2; Gd. I, 81, n. 5; Lwinger, "Der Traum", 20; Simon Duran (d. 1444) defended at length the reliability of dreams even in questions of strict science, as medicine and mathematics. Many questions in the science of medicine, he asserted, have been solved in dreams by the famous physicians Galen, Ibn Zohr, and others (Malter, op. cit., 203); cf. also Isidore Epstein, "The Responsa of Rabbi Simon b. Zemah Duran", London 1930, 23 f., 39, 99.
3. Lwinger, op. cit., 6; the provision that a dream ban can be loosed only
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by ten men is found in the Talmud, "Ned." 8a; cf. "Leket Yosher", Ii, 80; \"Pitron alomot", III, 3, p. lot; Lwinger, 34. The same provision affecting a dream vow was ascribed to the Geonim: "Kol Bo", 109d; "Yore Deah", 210:2.
4. Thorndike, Ii, 605; \"Ber." 57b; "S. as." 382, 1138; \"Leket Yosher", I, 41; "Pitron alomot", Introd., p. 3, and I, 2, pp. 14 ff.; cf. also "S. as." 634, 1522, etc.; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 5.
5. \"S. as." 382; "iyuni", 20a; "Nishmat ayim", loc. cit.; cf. also Lwinger, op. cit., 8, for a similar opinion of Saadia. The spirit us theory of dreams was popular in Europe, cf. Thorndike, Ii, 298.
6. \"iyuni", loc. cit.
7. Ibid., 19d; "ochmat HaNefesh", 4a-b, 6b; "S. as. B" 1131;--"Raben", 26; "Responsa" of ayim b. Isaac "Or Zarua", 164; Lwinger, op. cit., 20; "Maaseh Book", Ii, 517, cf. "Shab." 152a, b; Taanit 24b; "S. as." 591, etc.
8. \"ag." 5b; "Nishmat ayim", loc. cit.
9. Rashi, "San." 30a and Yeb. 24b; "S. as." 382, 1550; \"ochmat HaNefesh", 4a-b, 66; "Orot adikim", 63a; cf. Hai Gaon's remark ("Taam Zekenim", 58): "Concerning what you have said, that every man has his own genius of dreams who appears as an old man to one, as a youth to another, we have heard that this is so, but we have not ourself beheld such an apparition, nor have we spoken with anyone who has."
10. \"S. as." 382; Maaseh "Rokea", 130, p. 31; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 27. Similar explanations of the causes of dreams are to be found in medieval Christian works; see Thorndike, Ii, 412, where the theories of Bartholomew of England (13th century) are given; he believed that dreams are produced by divine inspiration, by angelic administration, by diabolic illusion, or by natural and bodily causes. See also Lwinger, op. cit., 8, and "Pitron alamot", I, 1:1, pp. 6-7, for slightly different analyses of the causes of dreams, and Thorndike, I, 358, for the view of Philo Judus.
11. \"S. as." 382, 383; \"J. Maaser Sheni", 55c; "Ber." 55b (cf. Bacher, "Une Ancienne Altration de Texte dans le Talmud, REJ", Xxvii [1893], 141 ff.), "Ber." 55a; "S. as." 1189, 1522; \"Ma. Vit.", 48.
12. \"Pitron alomot", I, 7, pp. 43 ff.; "Tos. Ber." 55b; "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim", 22; "S. as." 389; B 440. According to Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 22a, 133, Meir of Rothenburg was "expert in interpreting dreams."
13. Lea, Iii, 447; Thorndike, Ii, 162, 290 ff.; Steinschneider, "Das Traumbuch Daniels und die Oneirokritische Litteratur des Mittelalters, Serapeum", Xxiv (1863), 193-201, 209-16; \"JE", I, 433; \"Pitron alomot", Introd. to Part II, p. 56.
14. \"Pitron alomot", pp. 6, 57-8, 82.
15. Lwinger, op. cit., 29 ff.; "Ber." 56b-57b. See "Pitron alomot", Part II; for Christian parallels see De Givry, 324; Thorndike, II, 290 ff., Iv, 303, etc.; Grimm, II, 958 f.
16. Ms. "E ayim", 264-6 (141-2 of original); "ochmat HaNefesh", 8b-c; cf. "S. as." 180, 1550, 1563, etc.
17. On this and the following paragraphs see "Pitron alomot", I, 3, 5, 6, 8; \"ochmat HaNefesh", loc. cit.; "Haayim", II, 6; as to the determination of the reliability of dreams according to the time of night, see "Ber." 55b; "S. as." 390, 958; \"ochmat HaNefesh", 4b; Lwinger, op. cit., 8-9; Thorndike, Ii, 330, Iii, 554.
18. I Sam. 28:6; Lwinger, op. cit., 22; "Taam Zekenim", 57-8 and Introd. to Krakau ed. of "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim", p. 3;--"S. as." 211, 80; Gd. I, 207, n. 4; "Sheelot", etc., 9; "Maharil", 63b; cf. also "S. as. B" 949; A. Neubauer, "REJ", Xii (1886), 92.
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19. \"S. as." 1723; "Testament of Judah", 9; "Rokea", 316, p. 83a; "Yereim", 90; "Yore Deah", 179:14; \"S. as." 324; Grimm, Iii, 425, 11. 237 ff.
20. \"S. as." 1556.
21. Ibid., 1456.
22. A. Marx, "Proceedings Amer. Acad. for Jewish Research", Iv (1932-3), 153; \"Sheelot", etc., 5, 3, etc.; "Shimmush Tehillim", passim; ms. "S. Gematriaot", 68a, 75a; "Nishmat ayim", III, 6; Lwinger, op. cit., 23 f.
23. \"Responsa" of Meir of Rothenburg, 5 (ed. Berlin 1881); Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 82; \"Raziel", 40a-b; ibid., 33b, 40a, 3a-b; cf. also Grunwald "MJV", Xix (1906), 106, 108.
24. \"Siddur Rashi" 429, p. 214; "Ma. Vit.", 78, p. 47; "Mateh Moshe", 397, 401; \"Kiur Shelah", Inyane Shabbat, p. 130; see also "S. as." 1522.
25. \"S. as." 1523; "ochmat HaNefesh", 8b; ms. "E ayim", 264 (141 of original).
26. \"Shab." Ira; "Pitron alomot", Iii, 1:1, pp. 82-3; Issarles, "Ora ayim" 429:2; "Leket Yosher", I, 41, 42; \"S. as." 1521; cf. also "Tashbe", 3; "Raben", 179; "S. as." 281; "Ora ayim" 220:2; "JE", V, 348; Lwinger, op. cit., 32 f.
27. \"Pitron alomot", Iii, 1:2, pp. 83-4.
28. \"Mordecai", "Shab." 318, 321, p. 8b; "Maharil", 37a;--Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 15a, 32a; "Leket Yosher", I, 41; "Mateh Moshe", 760; "Joseph Ome", 944, p. 210; "Shelah", II, p. 7b (Mas. Shabbat); cf. "Ora ayim" 288:5; "S. as." 1776.
29. \"Ber." 31b; "Maharil", 2b, 27b, 36a, b; "Responsa" of Marahil, 168, p. 72a; "Leket Yosher", I, 42, 104, 124; Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 23a, 25b, 32a; "Ora ayim" 288:4, 418:1, 5, 597:3; cf. "S. as." 281, 287.
30. \"Ber." 55a; Lwinger, loc. cit.; ms. "E ayim", 263 (140 of original) cites the three-fold repetition attributed to R. Isaac, which is also found in "Tos. Ber." 55a and "Ma. Vit." 48; "Leket Yosher" I, 24, 42; \"Toledot Adam veavah" 13:2, p. 83c; "Pitron alomot", Iii, 2:1, pp. 93-5; cf. also "Mateh Moshe", 368.
"Jewish Magic and Superstition", by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939],
Chapter Xv
Dreams
1. Cf. Thorndike, I, 123; Gd. I, 81-2; \"Semag", Introd.; Gross, "Gallia Judaica", 20; "Nishmat ayim", Introd.; see "JE", IV, 654 ff. and A. Kristianpoller, "Traum und Traumdeutung, Monumenta Talmudica", IV, for the Biblical and Talmudic data on dreams; Bischoff, 63 ff., 158 ff.
2. \"Or Zarua", IV, 27d, 200; "Tashbe", 352; "Mordecai", B.k. 2, P. 40c and Introd. to Krakau ed. of "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim" (see also "Shelah", II, 201a); ibid., Livorno 1818 and Krakau 1895; "HB", Xiv (1874), 131; Malter, "Dreams", 201-2; Gd. I, 81, n. 5; Lwinger, "Der Traum", 20; Simon Duran (d. 1444) defended at length the reliability of dreams even in questions of strict science, as medicine and mathematics. Many questions in the science of medicine, he asserted, have been solved in dreams by the famous physicians Galen, Ibn Zohr, and others (Malter, op. cit., 203); cf. also Isidore Epstein, "The Responsa of Rabbi Simon b. Zemah Duran", London 1930, 23 f., 39, 99.
3. Lwinger, op. cit., 6; the provision that a dream ban can be loosed only
p. 310
by ten men is found in the Talmud, "Ned." 8a; cf. "Leket Yosher", Ii, 80; \"Pitron alomot", III, 3, p. lot; Lwinger, 34. The same provision affecting a dream vow was ascribed to the Geonim: "Kol Bo", 109d; "Yore Deah", 210:2.
4. Thorndike, Ii, 605; \"Ber." 57b; "S. as." 382, 1138; \"Leket Yosher", I, 41; "Pitron alomot", Introd., p. 3, and I, 2, pp. 14 ff.; cf. also "S. as." 634, 1522, etc.; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 5.
5. \"S. as." 382; "iyuni", 20a; "Nishmat ayim", loc. cit.; cf. also Lwinger, op. cit., 8, for a similar opinion of Saadia. The spirit us theory of dreams was popular in Europe, cf. Thorndike, Ii, 298.
6. \"iyuni", loc. cit.
7. Ibid., 19d; "ochmat HaNefesh", 4a-b, 6b; "S. as. B" 1131;--"Raben", 26; "Responsa" of ayim b. Isaac "Or Zarua", 164; Lwinger, op. cit., 20; "Maaseh Book", Ii, 517, cf. "Shab." 152a, b; Taanit 24b; "S. as." 591, etc.
8. \"ag." 5b; "Nishmat ayim", loc. cit.
9. Rashi, "San." 30a and Yeb. 24b; "S. as." 382, 1550; \"ochmat HaNefesh", 4a-b, 66; "Orot adikim", 63a; cf. Hai Gaon's remark ("Taam Zekenim", 58): "Concerning what you have said, that every man has his own genius of dreams who appears as an old man to one, as a youth to another, we have heard that this is so, but we have not ourself beheld such an apparition, nor have we spoken with anyone who has."
10. \"S. as." 382; Maaseh "Rokea", 130, p. 31; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 27. Similar explanations of the causes of dreams are to be found in medieval Christian works; see Thorndike, Ii, 412, where the theories of Bartholomew of England (13th century) are given; he believed that dreams are produced by divine inspiration, by angelic administration, by diabolic illusion, or by natural and bodily causes. See also Lwinger, op. cit., 8, and "Pitron alamot", I, 1:1, pp. 6-7, for slightly different analyses of the causes of dreams, and Thorndike, I, 358, for the view of Philo Judus.
11. \"S. as." 382, 383; \"J. Maaser Sheni", 55c; "Ber." 55b (cf. Bacher, "Une Ancienne Altration de Texte dans le Talmud, REJ", Xxvii [1893], 141 ff.), "Ber." 55a; "S. as." 1189, 1522; \"Ma. Vit.", 48.
12. \"Pitron alomot", I, 7, pp. 43 ff.; "Tos. Ber." 55b; "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim", 22; "S. as." 389; B 440. According to Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 22a, 133, Meir of Rothenburg was "expert in interpreting dreams."
13. Lea, Iii, 447; Thorndike, Ii, 162, 290 ff.; Steinschneider, "Das Traumbuch Daniels und die Oneirokritische Litteratur des Mittelalters, Serapeum", Xxiv (1863), 193-201, 209-16; \"JE", I, 433; \"Pitron alomot", Introd. to Part II, p. 56.
14. \"Pitron alomot", pp. 6, 57-8, 82.
15. Lwinger, op. cit., 29 ff.; "Ber." 56b-57b. See "Pitron alomot", Part II; for Christian parallels see De Givry, 324; Thorndike, II, 290 ff., Iv, 303, etc.; Grimm, II, 958 f.
16. Ms. "E ayim", 264-6 (141-2 of original); "ochmat HaNefesh", 8b-c; cf. "S. as." 180, 1550, 1563, etc.
17. On this and the following paragraphs see "Pitron alomot", I, 3, 5, 6, 8; \"ochmat HaNefesh", loc. cit.; "Haayim", II, 6; as to the determination of the reliability of dreams according to the time of night, see "Ber." 55b; "S. as." 390, 958; \"ochmat HaNefesh", 4b; Lwinger, op. cit., 8-9; Thorndike, Ii, 330, Iii, 554.
18. I Sam. 28:6; Lwinger, op. cit., 22; "Taam Zekenim", 57-8 and Introd. to Krakau ed. of "Sheelot Uteshubot min HaShamayim", p. 3;--"S. as." 211, 80; Gd. I, 207, n. 4; "Sheelot", etc., 9; "Maharil", 63b; cf. also "S. as. B" 949; A. Neubauer, "REJ", Xii (1886), 92.
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19. \"S. as." 1723; "Testament of Judah", 9; "Rokea", 316, p. 83a; "Yereim", 90; "Yore Deah", 179:14; \"S. as." 324; Grimm, Iii, 425, 11. 237 ff.
20. \"S. as." 1556.
21. Ibid., 1456.
22. A. Marx, "Proceedings Amer. Acad. for Jewish Research", Iv (1932-3), 153; \"Sheelot", etc., 5, 3, etc.; "Shimmush Tehillim", passim; ms. "S. Gematriaot", 68a, 75a; "Nishmat ayim", III, 6; Lwinger, op. cit., 23 f.
23. \"Responsa" of Meir of Rothenburg, 5 (ed. Berlin 1881); Grunwald, "MGJV", V (1900), 82; \"Raziel", 40a-b; ibid., 33b, 40a, 3a-b; cf. also Grunwald "MJV", Xix (1906), 106, 108.
24. \"Siddur Rashi" 429, p. 214; "Ma. Vit.", 78, p. 47; "Mateh Moshe", 397, 401; \"Kiur Shelah", Inyane Shabbat, p. 130; see also "S. as." 1522.
25. \"S. as." 1523; "ochmat HaNefesh", 8b; ms. "E ayim", 264 (141 of original).
26. \"Shab." Ira; "Pitron alomot", Iii, 1:1, pp. 82-3; Issarles, "Ora ayim" 429:2; "Leket Yosher", I, 41, 42; \"S. as." 1521; cf. also "Tashbe", 3; "Raben", 179; "S. as." 281; "Ora ayim" 220:2; "JE", V, 348; Lwinger, op. cit., 32 f.
27. \"Pitron alomot", Iii, 1:2, pp. 83-4.
28. \"Mordecai", "Shab." 318, 321, p. 8b; "Maharil", 37a;--Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 15a, 32a; "Leket Yosher", I, 41; "Mateh Moshe", 760; "Joseph Ome", 944, p. 210; "Shelah", II, p. 7b (Mas. Shabbat); cf. "Ora ayim" 288:5; "S. as." 1776.
29. \"Ber." 31b; "Maharil", 2b, 27b, 36a, b; "Responsa" of Marahil, 168, p. 72a; "Leket Yosher", I, 42, 104, 124; Tyrnau, "Minhagim", 23a, 25b, 32a; "Ora ayim" 288:4, 418:1, 5, 597:3; cf. "S. as." 281, 287.
30. \"Ber." 55a; Lwinger, loc. cit.; ms. "E ayim", 263 (140 of original) cites the three-fold repetition attributed to R. Isaac, which is also found in "Tos. Ber." 55a and "Ma. Vit." 48; "Leket Yosher" I, 24, 42; \"Toledot Adam veavah" 13:2, p. 83c; "Pitron alomot", Iii, 2:1, pp. 93-5; cf. also "Mateh Moshe", 368.
