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Notes. Part I, Chapter I

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Notes

Part I

Chapter I

References given in the Notes refer to the full titles in the Bibliography. Where an author has written more than one volume or article, the date following the author's name in the note indicates to which of the several works of this author reference is made.

1 P. 3.

2
White, i. 18.

3
Andersen, p. 127 (modified from Shortland, p. 12).

4
Cf. "supra", p. 6.

5 R.
Taylor, p. 109.

6
For other versions see R. Taylor, p. 111; Cowan, p. 104.

7
Smith, 1913, p. 136.

8
Smith, 1913, p. 117.

9
White, i. 18, 27.

10
Smith, 1913, p. 117.

11
Shand, 1894, p. 121; id. 1895, p. 33.

12
Cf. Shand, 1895, p. 35.

13
Von den Steinen, pp. 506-07.

14
Fornander, i. 63.

15
Yet it may be noted that in Maori mythology Tangaroa is a deity in regard to whose origin there is much confusion, for he is described both as the son and the brother-in-law of Rangi (see Smith, 1913, p. 118) and as the son of Te-more-tu ("Ultimate Space") (see White, i. 24). This might indicate a belief in the priority of Tangaroa over Rangi.

16
Smith, 1913, pp. 110 ff.

17
For further discussion of this feature see "infra", p. 13.

18
Moerenhout, i. 419-23 (retranslated in Fornander, i. 221-73).

19
Ellis, i. 250.

20
Hongi, pp. 113 ff.

21
Gill, 1876, pp. 1 ff.

22
This is inferred from the brief abstracts of myths given by von den Steinen, whose abundant materials have not yet been published.

23
Bastian, 1881, pp. 69-121.

p. 312

24
Bastian, 1881, p. 70.

25
Perhaps a trace of this sequence of life-forms may be seen in the Maori order of creation; see Smith, 1913, p. 136.

26
Fornander, i. 61 ff.

27
The more or less detailed creation-myth given by Fornander is not to be taken seriously, for it bears too many clear evidences of missionary teaching to have any value in this connexion.

28
Stuebel, p. 59; cf. von Blow, 1899, pp. 60 ff.

29
Cf. Marquesas, "supra", p. 10, and see also Christian, p. 187.

30
Turner, 1884, p. 4.

31
Stuebel, p. 60. For other similar versions see Krmer, 1906, p. 515; Turner, 1884, p. 6.

32
Mariner, "passim"; Reiter, pp. 236 ff.

33
Stuebel, pp. 59 ff. For other versions see Turner, 1861, pp. 244-45; id. 1884, pp. 7 ff.

34
Cf. the Heaven Father and Earth Mother theme in New Zealand.

35
Turner, 1884, p. 7.

36
Reiter, pp. 444 ff.

37
Bovis, p. 45.

38
Cf. the Maori "Io," and see Smith, 1913, pp. 110 ff.

39
Radiguet, pp. 228 ff.

40
Fraser, 1891, p. 264; also Krmer, 1906, p. 514.

41
Ellis, i. 251.

42
Fison, pp. 139 ff.

43
For discussion of this episode of the fishing up of the land see "infra", p. 44.

44
Henry, pp. 51 ff.

45
Ellis, i. 100; cf. Society Group, Tyerman and Bennett, ii. 175.

46
Polack, i. 17. This author has, however, been regarded as unreliable, so that this statement must be accepted with caution.

47
For this type in Samoa see Turner, 1884, p. 7; Society Group, Ellis, i. 96, 249; Marquesas, Radiguet, p. 228; Cook Group, Williams, p. 81; Hawaii, Fornander, i. 62, 211.

48
Von den Steinen, p. 507.

49
White, i. 149, 155.

50
Another very brief version merely states that Tiki was the first man, and Ma-riko-riko ("Glimmer") the first woman, the latter being created by Arohi-rohi ("Mirage") from the warmth of the Sun and Echo; see White, i. 151.

51
White, i. 155

52
Fornander, i. 62.

53
Ellis, i. 96.

54
Shortland, p. 20.

p. 313

55
White, i. 158.

56
For other variants see White, i. 133, 159, 162; Smith, 1913, p. 138.

57
Ellis, i. 98. Tii is said to be regarded as one with Taaroa, ib. p. 99; for still another version see ib. p. 97.

58
Radiguet, p. 229.

59
White, i. 21.

60
Gill, 1876, p. 16.

61
Garcia, pp. 5 ff.

62
Bastian, 1881, p. 73.

63
Cf. the Maori version "supra", Note 50, where the first woman is formed from the warmth of the Sun and Echo.

64
Malo, p. 23.

65
Still another version gives the divine ancestors as Wakea (Atea, Vatea) and Papa (Malo, p. 23).

66
Ellis, i. 99; J. R. Forster, p. 551.

67
White, i. 154.

68
White, i. 152.

69
Turner, 1861, p. 744; for other versions see id. 1884, p. 7; Fraser, 1891, p. 274; Krmer, 1906, p. 514; Stuebel, p. 59; Smith, 18983 p. 153; Stair, 1896, p. 35.

70
Fison, p. 161.

71
Cook, ii. 239.

72
The episode of the origin of man from worms occurs also in New Guinea; see Haddon, 1904, p. 17.

73
Shand, 1894, p. 128.

74
Stuebel, pp. 75, 145, 151, 155; Abercromby, 1891, p. 460.

75
For the New Hebrides see Codrington, p. 406; for New Guinea (Kuni), see Egidi, 1913, p. 1002; (Jabim) Zahn, p. 373; (Kai) Keysser, p. 189; (Tami) Bamler, p. 540; New Britain, Meier, 1909, pp. 25, 205; Admiralty Islands, id. 1907, p. 651.

76
Smith, 1902, p. 203.

77
White, i. 144. Cf. for Borneo, Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113. An origin from a tree occurs very commonly in Indonesia, see "infra", p. 168, and is also reported from New Guinea (Elema), Holmes, p. 126, and from Australia, see "infra", p. 274.

78
Smith, 1913, p. 117.

79
The number of these is given as seventy; see Smith, 1913, p. lig.

80
Smith, 1913, p. 117.

81
Grey, pp. 117.

82
White, i. 46 ff.

83
For other Maori versions see White, i. 25, 26, 52, 138, 141, 161; also Best, p. 115; Wohlers, p. 7; Shortland, p. 20; Smith, 1913, p. 121.

p. 314

84
Shand, 1894, p. 121.

85
Pakoti, p. 66.

86
For other versions see Gill, 1876, pp. 59, 71; Smith, 1899, p. 64. These, however, ascribe at least part of the task to Maui. See "infra", pp. 50 ff.

87
Ellis, i. 100; Moerenhout, i. 446.

88
Bastian, 1894, p. 32; Fraser, 1891, p. 266; Turner, 1861, p. 245; cf. also Smith, 1903b, p. 98 (Nieue).

89
Turner, 1884, p. 283.

90
Malo, p. 36, note 5.

91
Efate, Macdonald, 1892, p. 731.

92
Mindanao (Manobo), Beyer, p. 89; (Bagobo) Benedict, p. 16; Luzon (Ifugao), Beyer, p. 105.

93
See "infra", p. 178.

94
See "infra", p. 250.

95
Cook Group, Smith, 1899, pp. 647-71; Gill, 1876, p. 59; Manihiki, ib. p. 71; Hawaii, Westervelt, 1910, p. 31; Nieue, Smith, 1903b, p. 98; Samoa, Pritchard, p. 14; Turner, 1861, p. 246.

96
White, i. 52. For other versions see ib. i. 25, 49, 138; and cf. also, for Hawaii, Fornander, i. 73.

97
White, i. 49; but cf. Smith, 1913, p. 137.

98
One account makes the sun the eye of Maui, and the moon that of his brother; see Polack, i. 16.

99
Ellis, i. 97, 250.

100
Bastian, 1894, p. 32.

101
Gill, 1876, p. 3.

102
Gill, 1876, p. 44; Fraser, 1891, p. 76.

103
This myth, apparently not recorded elsewhere in Polynesia, shows possible resemblances to one from Celebes, according to which the sun, moon, and stars were made from the body of a girl; see Graafland, i. 232.

104
Ellis, i. 98; J. R. Forster, p. 539; G. Forster, ii. 151.

105
Fornander, i. 62, 73.

106
Ellis, i. 97; cf., for Nauru, Hambruch, p. 382.

107
Stuebel, p. 59.

108
Von den Steinen, p. 505.

109
Turner, 1884, p. 6.

110
New Hebrides, Codrington, p. 370; Macdonald, 1898, p. 760; New Guinea, Seligmann, p. 402; Ker, p. 26; New Britain, Rascher, p. 230; Bley, p. 198, 200; Meier, 1909, p. 109.

111
For other versions see White, i. 25, 26, 52, 145.

112
White, i. 138, 143; Wohlers, p. 7.

113
Borneo, St John, i. 213; W. Chalmers (see H. L. Roth, 1896, 307).

p. 315

114
Carolines, Walleser, p. 609.

115
See "infra", pp. 58 ff.

116
White, i. 55.

117
White, i. 114.

118
Grey, p. 61.

119
Thrum, p. 37; cf. Malo, p. 310.

120
Fornander, i. 89; cf. also Moerenhout, i. 571.

121
Gill, 1888, p. 80.

122 A
somewhat similar tale is found in Nias; see "infra", p. 181.

123
Von Blow, 1895, p. 139.

124
Von Blow, 1898, p. 81.

125
White, i. 166, 172.

126
Fornander, i. 90.

127 Fornander, i. 91.

man's mind stretched to a new idea never goes back to its origin| a man's mind
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