I, 70
*
"Vedic Hymns, Part Ii (sbe46)\", by Hermann Oldenberg [1897],
p. 70
Ma\"N"D"Ala I, Hymn 70.
Ash\"T"Aka I, Adhyya 5, Varga 14.
1. May we, the poor 1, succeed in many (pious) thoughts 2. May Agni with his pure splendour attain everything--
2. He who understands the divine laws and the birth of the human race.
3. He who is the child of the waters, the child of the trees, the child of that which stands, and the child of that which moves.
4. Even in the rock (they have done homage [?]) to him, in his dwelling 1. (He is) like a protector [?] 2 of the clans, the immortal one, he who is of a good mind.
5. For he, Agni, (shows himself as) an earth-protecting (lord) of riches 1 to the man who satisfies him with well-spoken (prayers).
6. Protect, O knowing one, these beings, thou who knowest the birth of gods and men 1.
7. He whom many nights (and dawns), in their different forms 1, may increase, whom that which moves 2 and that which stands (increases), the god penetrated by "Ri"ta--
8. That Hot"ri" who has sat down in the sun 1, has been successfully worshipped 2 (by the human sacrificers), he who truly accomplishes all his works.
9. On the cows, on the trees thou hast conferred excellence. May all men bring us tribute in the sun 1.
p. 71
10. In many places men have worshipped thee. They have brought (thee) to different places 1 as sons (divide) the property of an aged father 2.
11 1. (He is) like a greedy man 2 who goes straight (to his aim), like a mighty archer, like a fearful avenger [?] 3, impetuous in contests 4.
Notes.
The same "Ri"shi and metre.
Verse 1.
Note 1. I adopt Bergaigne's opinion on the word ar (see Religion Vdique, II, 218 seq.).
Note 2. The Padap"th"a has mansh instead of mansh"h". See my Prolegomena, 385; Lanman, 363. Prof. Max Mller proposes to translate: 'May we by wisdom overcome many enemies!' He writes: 'Is not vanema almost a standing formula as applied to enemies? Let us conquer the enemies. The enemies are masculine in Vii, 48, 3. v"s"vn ary"h" vanvan, feminine in Vi, 16, 27. vanvnta"h" ary"h" rt"h". Viii, 39, 2. v"s"v"h" ary"h" rt"h". X, 133, 3. v"s"v"h" rtaya"h" ary"h". Iv, 50, 11. \"g"a"g"astm ary"h" vanshm rt"h" (repeated Vii, 97, 9; cf. I, 29, 4).' For my translation I refer to Ii, 5, 7. stmam vanma; Ii, 11, 12. dhyam vanema; I, 122, 14. ary"h" gra"h"; X, 148, 3. ary"h" v gra"h" abh ar"k"a vidvn.
Verse 4.
Note 1. Or: even in the rock (they have done homage) to him, and in the (human) dwelling? I believe we must supply a verb on which the dative asmai depends. Ludwig proposes to read duro"n"m: 'within the stone is his dwelling.' Comp. Ii, 1, 1; Vi, 48, 5.
Note 2. I do not understand vi"s"m n v"s"va"h". Ludwig translates 'er ist der menschen allgemeiner, unsterblicher
p. 72
frsorger.' But v"s"va does not mean 'allgemein,' and Ludwig omits n, 'like.' One should expect a phrase like vi"s"m n vi"s"pti"h", which of course is metrically impossible. Is it too bold to correct v"s"va"h" into vi"s"p"h", a word hitherto not found in the texts, but formed exactly like stip, pa"s"up, tanp and others?--Prof. Max Mller takes asmai as dependent on svdh"h" and v"s"va"h" as belonging at the same time to am"r"ta"h" and to vi"s"m. He translates: 'To him also who dwells in the rock and in the house, every immortal like every one among men is well disposed.'
Verse 5.
Note 1. Comp. Vii, 10, 5. s h kshpvn bhavat ray"n"m.
Verse 6.
Note 1. Most probably we have here not the accusative mrtn but the genitive mrtm, which was confounded by the arrangers of the traditional text with the accusative and treated according to the Sandhi rules which govern the ending -n. See. Lanman, Noun-Inflection, 353 Bartholomae, Studien zur indogermanischen Sprachgeschichte, I, 48.
Verse 7.
Note 1. Lanman (p. 422) takes kshap"h" vrp"h" as accusatives, and translates, 'Whom through many nights and mornings all beings worship.' I believe that they are nominatives, and that we should accentuate kshpa"h". As vrpa is a regular epithet of nktoshs, I think that kshpa"h" is to be understood as an elliptic plural similar to the elliptic duals ushs or han (comp. Delbrck, Altindische Syntax, 102), and that it means, 'the nights (and mornings).'--Comp. Vi, 38, 4. vrdhn ms"h s"arda"h" dyva"h" ndram, 'May months, years, days increase Indra's greatness.'
Note 2. Of course "k"a rtham is a mistake for kartham, as first pointed out by Benfey.
p. 73
Verse 8.
Note 1. On the locative svar, see Lanman, 488; Joh. Schmidt in Kuhn's Zeitschrift, Xxvii, 306; Bartholomae in Bezzenberger's Beitrge, XV, 42. Comp. X, 61, 14. sva"h" n y trishadhasth nished"h".
Note 2. Comp. X, 53, 2. rdhi ht nishd y"g"yn.
Verse 9.
Note 1. Is it not more probable that tribute was brought to Agni (comp. V, 1, 10) than to the human worshippers? Possibly we should change sva"h" na"h" (svar "n"a"h" of the Sa"m"hitp"th"a) into svar"n"a"h", a vocative of the stem svar"n"ri" = svar"n"ara. The translation would be, 'All men have brought tribute to thee, O sun-hero!'
Verse 10.
Note 1. Comp. V, 11, 4. agnm nra"h" v bharante g"ri"hg"ri"he.
Note 2. Regarding the metre, comp. above, 69, 8, note 1.
Verse 11.
Note 1. This verse may possibly be a later addition. See Bergaigne, Recherches sur l'Histoire de la Sa"m"hit, I, 61.
Note 2. On g"ri"dhn, comp. Pischel, Ved. Studien, I, 231.
Note 3. Comp. I, 32, 14. he"h" ytram.
Note 4. See above, 66, 6.
"Vedic Hymns, Part Ii (sbe46)\", by Hermann Oldenberg [1897],
p. 70
Ma\"N"D"Ala I, Hymn 70.
Ash\"T"Aka I, Adhyya 5, Varga 14.
1. May we, the poor 1, succeed in many (pious) thoughts 2. May Agni with his pure splendour attain everything--
2. He who understands the divine laws and the birth of the human race.
3. He who is the child of the waters, the child of the trees, the child of that which stands, and the child of that which moves.
4. Even in the rock (they have done homage [?]) to him, in his dwelling 1. (He is) like a protector [?] 2 of the clans, the immortal one, he who is of a good mind.
5. For he, Agni, (shows himself as) an earth-protecting (lord) of riches 1 to the man who satisfies him with well-spoken (prayers).
6. Protect, O knowing one, these beings, thou who knowest the birth of gods and men 1.
7. He whom many nights (and dawns), in their different forms 1, may increase, whom that which moves 2 and that which stands (increases), the god penetrated by "Ri"ta--
8. That Hot"ri" who has sat down in the sun 1, has been successfully worshipped 2 (by the human sacrificers), he who truly accomplishes all his works.
9. On the cows, on the trees thou hast conferred excellence. May all men bring us tribute in the sun 1.
p. 71
10. In many places men have worshipped thee. They have brought (thee) to different places 1 as sons (divide) the property of an aged father 2.
11 1. (He is) like a greedy man 2 who goes straight (to his aim), like a mighty archer, like a fearful avenger [?] 3, impetuous in contests 4.
Notes.
The same "Ri"shi and metre.
Verse 1.
Note 1. I adopt Bergaigne's opinion on the word ar (see Religion Vdique, II, 218 seq.).
Note 2. The Padap"th"a has mansh instead of mansh"h". See my Prolegomena, 385; Lanman, 363. Prof. Max Mller proposes to translate: 'May we by wisdom overcome many enemies!' He writes: 'Is not vanema almost a standing formula as applied to enemies? Let us conquer the enemies. The enemies are masculine in Vii, 48, 3. v"s"vn ary"h" vanvan, feminine in Vi, 16, 27. vanvnta"h" ary"h" rt"h". Viii, 39, 2. v"s"v"h" ary"h" rt"h". X, 133, 3. v"s"v"h" rtaya"h" ary"h". Iv, 50, 11. \"g"a"g"astm ary"h" vanshm rt"h" (repeated Vii, 97, 9; cf. I, 29, 4).' For my translation I refer to Ii, 5, 7. stmam vanma; Ii, 11, 12. dhyam vanema; I, 122, 14. ary"h" gra"h"; X, 148, 3. ary"h" v gra"h" abh ar"k"a vidvn.
Verse 4.
Note 1. Or: even in the rock (they have done homage) to him, and in the (human) dwelling? I believe we must supply a verb on which the dative asmai depends. Ludwig proposes to read duro"n"m: 'within the stone is his dwelling.' Comp. Ii, 1, 1; Vi, 48, 5.
Note 2. I do not understand vi"s"m n v"s"va"h". Ludwig translates 'er ist der menschen allgemeiner, unsterblicher
p. 72
frsorger.' But v"s"va does not mean 'allgemein,' and Ludwig omits n, 'like.' One should expect a phrase like vi"s"m n vi"s"pti"h", which of course is metrically impossible. Is it too bold to correct v"s"va"h" into vi"s"p"h", a word hitherto not found in the texts, but formed exactly like stip, pa"s"up, tanp and others?--Prof. Max Mller takes asmai as dependent on svdh"h" and v"s"va"h" as belonging at the same time to am"r"ta"h" and to vi"s"m. He translates: 'To him also who dwells in the rock and in the house, every immortal like every one among men is well disposed.'
Verse 5.
Note 1. Comp. Vii, 10, 5. s h kshpvn bhavat ray"n"m.
Verse 6.
Note 1. Most probably we have here not the accusative mrtn but the genitive mrtm, which was confounded by the arrangers of the traditional text with the accusative and treated according to the Sandhi rules which govern the ending -n. See. Lanman, Noun-Inflection, 353 Bartholomae, Studien zur indogermanischen Sprachgeschichte, I, 48.
Verse 7.
Note 1. Lanman (p. 422) takes kshap"h" vrp"h" as accusatives, and translates, 'Whom through many nights and mornings all beings worship.' I believe that they are nominatives, and that we should accentuate kshpa"h". As vrpa is a regular epithet of nktoshs, I think that kshpa"h" is to be understood as an elliptic plural similar to the elliptic duals ushs or han (comp. Delbrck, Altindische Syntax, 102), and that it means, 'the nights (and mornings).'--Comp. Vi, 38, 4. vrdhn ms"h s"arda"h" dyva"h" ndram, 'May months, years, days increase Indra's greatness.'
Note 2. Of course "k"a rtham is a mistake for kartham, as first pointed out by Benfey.
p. 73
Verse 8.
Note 1. On the locative svar, see Lanman, 488; Joh. Schmidt in Kuhn's Zeitschrift, Xxvii, 306; Bartholomae in Bezzenberger's Beitrge, XV, 42. Comp. X, 61, 14. sva"h" n y trishadhasth nished"h".
Note 2. Comp. X, 53, 2. rdhi ht nishd y"g"yn.
Verse 9.
Note 1. Is it not more probable that tribute was brought to Agni (comp. V, 1, 10) than to the human worshippers? Possibly we should change sva"h" na"h" (svar "n"a"h" of the Sa"m"hitp"th"a) into svar"n"a"h", a vocative of the stem svar"n"ri" = svar"n"ara. The translation would be, 'All men have brought tribute to thee, O sun-hero!'
Verse 10.
Note 1. Comp. V, 11, 4. agnm nra"h" v bharante g"ri"hg"ri"he.
Note 2. Regarding the metre, comp. above, 69, 8, note 1.
Verse 11.
Note 1. This verse may possibly be a later addition. See Bergaigne, Recherches sur l'Histoire de la Sa"m"hit, I, 61.
Note 2. On g"ri"dhn, comp. Pischel, Ved. Studien, I, 231.
Note 3. Comp. I, 32, 14. he"h" ytram.
Note 4. See above, 66, 6.
