Appendix Ii. Bibliography. Iii. On Muslim : III ON MUSLIM TRADITIONS AND LAW "The Mishkat", translated by Matthews. Calcutta, 1809. (A collection of traditions.) "The Hidaya", translated by C. Hamilton. II edition. London, 1870. N. B. E. BAILLIE: "A Digest of Muhammadan Law. Hanifi Code". London, 1865. The same. "Imameea Code". London, 1869...
Iii. Theology. Chapter Ii : p. 153 CHAPTER II Al-Ma'mun and the triumph of the Mu'tazilites; the Mihna and Ahmad ibn Hanbal; al-Farabi; the Fatimids and the Ikhwan as-Safa; the early mystics, ascetic and pantheistic; al-Hallaj. SUCH for long was the situation between the Mu'tazilites and their orthodox opponents. From time...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. I. Ash : I ASH-SHAHRASTANI ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MUSLIM SECTS Then I applied myself to what of arrangement was easy of attainment and to what of attainment was easy of arrangement, until I had crowded them [the different opinions] into four fundamentals, which are the great principles. The first...
Title Page : THE SEMITIC SERIES DEVELOPMENT OF Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence And Constitutional Theory BY DUNCAN B. MACDONALD, M.A., B.D. SOMETIME SCHOLAR AND FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW; PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY New York: Charles Scribner [1903] NOTICE...
Iii. Theology. Chapter V : p. 243 CHAPTER V Islam in the West; Ibn Tumart and the Muwahhids; philosophy in the West under Muwahhid protection; Ibn Bajja; Ibn Tufayl; Ibn Rushd; Ibn Arabi; Ibn Sa'bin. WE have now anticipated one of the strangest and most characteristic figures and movements in the history of Islam...
Part I. Constitutional Development. Chapter Ii : p. 34 CHAPTER II Shi'ite revolts against Abbasids; Idrisids; Zaydites; Imamites; the Twelvers; constitutional theory of modern Persia; origin of Fatimids; Maymun the oculist; plan of the conspiracy; the Seveners; the Qarmatians; Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi and founding of Fatimid dynasty in North Africa;...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. Iii : III A SHORT CREED BY AL-ASH'ARI Our doctrine which we teach and our religion ("diyana") which we follow consists in clinging fast to the Book of God and the Usage ("sunna") of His Prophet and to that which is handed down from the Companions, their immediate followers ("tabi's") and from the leaders...
Iii. Theology. Chapter I : p. 118 p. 119 PART III Theology CHAPTER I The three principles in the development; first religious questionings; Murji'ites, Kharijites, Qadarites; influence of Christianity; the Umayyads and Abbasids; the Mu'tazilites; the Qualities of God; the Vision of God; the creation of the Qur'an. BEFORE...
Part Ii. Development Of Jurisprudence. Chapter Ii : p. 91 CHAPTER II The Abbasid revolution; the compromise; the problem of the Abbasids; the two classes of canon lawyers and theologians; the rise of legal schools; Abu Hanifa; his application of Legal Fiction; "istihsan": the Qadi Abu Yusuf; Muhammad ibn al-Hasan; Sufyan ath-Thawri; al-Awza'i;...
Appendix Ii. Bibliography. Iv. On Muslim : IV ON MUSLIM THEOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY AND MYSTICISM THEODOR HAARBRCKER: "Asch-Schahrastni's Religionsparteien und Philosophenschulen bersetzt und erklrt", 2 vols. Halle, 1850-51. The Arabic text, without which Haarbrcker's German is sometimes hardly intelligible, was published by Cureton, London, 1846...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. Vi : VI THE CREED CALLED THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE COMMONALTY IN THE SCIENCE OF SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGY, BY MUHAMMAD AL-FUDALI [D. FIRST HALF OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY OF THE HIJRA] [Translated from the Arabic text of Cairo, A.H. 1315, with the commentary of al-Bayjuri.] In the name of God, the merciful...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. Vii : VII ANALYSIS OF THE "TAQRIB" OF ABU SHUJA AL-ISPAHANI 1 "Book I". "Of Ceremonial Purity" ("Tahara") 1. The water which may be used for ceremonial ablutions. 2. Legal materials for utensils; what can be purified and what cannot. 3. The use of the toothpick. p. 352 4. Description of the different...
Preface : p. vii PREFACE IT is with very great diffidence that I send out this book. Of the lack and need of some text-book of the kind there can be little doubt. From the educated man who wishes to read with intelligence his "Arabian Nights" to the student of history or of law or of theology who wishes...
Introduction : p. 1 DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIM THEOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE, AND CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY p. 3 INTRODUCTION IN human progress unity and complexity are the two correlatives forming together the great paradox. Life is manifold, but it is also one. So it is seldom possible, and still more seldom advisable...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. Ii : II THE PROPHET IN A TRADITION "Islam is built upon five things; testimony that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Apostle of God. Prayer ("salat"), the Poor-rate ("zakat"), Pilgrimage ("hajj") and Fast ("sawm") in Ramadan." A TRADITION OF THE PROPHET Jibril came in the form of an Arab...
Errata : ERRATA Page 30, line 5, for al-Mukanna read al-Muqanna. "86, l. 19, for first Khalifa read second Khalifa. "201, 1. 26, for "tasalsal" read "tasalsal". "237, for Mansell read Mansel. "267, l. 30, for Haqqari read Hakkari. "299, l. 10, for "Mushriqs" read "Mushriks". "300, l. 4, for kalim...
Appendix Ii. Bibliography. Ii. On Muslim : p. 361 II ON MUSLIM HISTORY AND ON PRESENT CONDITION OF MUSLIM WORLD AUGUST MLLER: "Die Beherrscher der Glubigen". Berlin, 1882. A very brightly written sketch based on thorough knowledge. GUSTAV WEIL: "Geschichte der Chalifen". 3 vols. Mannheim, 1846-1851. SIR WILLIAM MUIR: "The Caliphate, its...
Iii. Theology. Chapter Vi : p. 266 CHAPTER VI The rise and spread of darwish Fraternities; the survival and tradition of the Hanbalite doctrine; Abd ar-Razzaq; Ibn Taymiya, his attacks on saint-worship and on the mutakallims; ash-Sha'rani and his times; the modern movements; Wahhabism and the influence of al-Ghazzali;...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. V. Articles : p. 308 V ARTICLES OF BELIEF OF NAJM AD-DIN ABU HAFS AN-NASAFI [A Mataridite who d. A.H. 537. This creed is still used as a text-book in schools. It is translated from Cureton's edition (London, 1843) with the assistance of at-Taftazani's commentary (Constantinople, A.H. 1310). The asterisks mark...
Iii. Theology. Chapter Iii : p. 186 CHAPTER III The rise of orthodox "kalam"; al-Ash'ari; decline of the Mu'tazilites; passing of heresy into unbelief; development of scholastic theology by Ash'arites; rise of Zahirite "kalam"; Ibn Hazm; persecution of Ash'arites; final assimilation of "kalam". As we have already seen...
Untitled : Title Page Preface Contents Errata Introduction PART I. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III PART II. DEVELOPMENT OF JURISPRUDENCE Chapter I Chapter II III: THEOLOGY Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI APPENDICES Contents APPENDIX I: ILLUSTRATIVE...
Appendix Iii. Chronological Table : p. 368 APPENDIX III For typographical reasons the smooth guttural "Ha", the palatals "Sad, Dad, Ta, Za", and the long vowels are indicated by italic. The same system is followed in the index. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE A.H. 11 M.d.; Ab"u" Bakr Kh. 13 'Umar Kh. 14 Battle of al-Q"a"dis"i"ya; fall...
Part I. Constitutional Development. Chapter Iii : p. 50 CHAPTER III The problem of the Abbasids; the House of Barmak; the crumbling of the empire; the Prtorians of Baghdad; the Buwayhids; the situation of the Khalifa under them; the Saljuqs; the possibilities of development under them; the Mongols and the Abbasid end; the Egyptian Abbasids;...
Appendix I. Illustrative Documents. Iv : p. 300 A SHORT CREED BY AL-GHAZZALI An exposition of the Creed of the People of the Sunna on the two Words of Witnessing ("kalimatan ash-shahada") which form one of the Foundations of Islam. [Intended to be committed to memory by children. It forms the first section of the second book of his...
Appendix Ii. Bibliography. I. Books And Articles : I BOOKS AND ARTICLES, GENERAL AND FUNDAMENTAL, FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAM The non-Arabist will gain much insight into Muslim life and thought by reading such translations as that of Ibn Khallikan by De Slane (Paris-London; 1843-71), the Persian Tabari, by Zotenberg (Paris; 1867-74), Ibn Batuta by...
Part Ii. Development Of Jurisprudence. Chapter I : p. 65 PART II Development Of Jurisprudence CHAPTER I The scope of jurisprudence among Muslims; the earliest elements in it, Arab custom, Jewish law, personality of Muhammad; his attitude toward law; elements after death of Muhammad; Qur'an, Usage of the Prophet, common law of al-Madina; concepti...
Part I. Constitutional Development. Chapter I : p. 7 PART I Constitutional Development CHAPTER I The death of Muhammad and the problem of the succession; the parties; families of Hashimids, Umayyads and Abbasids; election of Abu Bakr; nomination of Umar; his constitution; election of Uthman; Umayyads in power; murder of Uthman; orig...
Iii. Theology. Chapter Iv : p. 215 CHAPTER IV Al-Ghazzali, his life, times, and work; Sufiism formally accepted into Islam. WITH the time came the man. He was al-Ghazzali, the greatest, certainly the most sympathetic figure in the history of Islam, and the only teacher of the after generations ever put by a Muslim on a level...