Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HONESTY* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*HONESTY MUST BE TAKEN HERE IN ITS BROAD SENSE AS SYNONYMOUS WITH MORAL GOODNESS, FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF DECORUM.] We must now consider honesty, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) The relati...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 29 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SHAMEFACEDNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the parts of temperance in particular: and in the first place the integral parts, which are shamefacedness and honesty. With regard to shamefacedness there are four points of inquiry: (1)...
Qq. Question. 57.Of Legal Relationship, Which Is : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP, WHICH IS BY ADOPTION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider legal relationship which is by adoption. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) What is adoption? (2) Whether one contracts through it a tie th...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider the persons in connection with the relations, or properties; and there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether relation is the same as person? (2) Whether...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 37 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PATIENCE (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider patience. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether patience is a virtue? (2) Whether it is the greatest of the virtues? (3) Whether it can be had without grace? (4) Whether it...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF RIGHT (FOUR ARTICLES) After considering prudence we must in due sequence consider justice, the consideration of which will be fourfold: (1) Of justice; (2) Of its parts; (3) Of the corresponding gift; (4) Of the precepts relating to justice...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CONTENTION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider contention, in respect of which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether contention is a mortal sin? (2) Whether it is a daughter of vainglory? Whether Contention Is A Mortal Sin? OBJECTION 1...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW THE MORAL VIRTUES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider how the moral virtues differ from one another: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is only one moral virtue? (2) Whether those...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF BENEFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the outward acts or effects of charity, (1) Beneficence, (2) Almsdeeds, which are a part of beneficence, (3) Fraternal correction, which is a kind of alms. Under the first head there are four...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 15.Of Ideas : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF IDEAS (THREE ARTICLES) After considering the knowledge of God, it remains to consider ideas. And about this there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are ideas? (2) Whether they are many, or one only? (3) Whether there are ide...
Qq. Question. 60.Of Wife Murder : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF WIFE-MURDER (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider wife-murder, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether in a certain case it is lawful to kill one's wife? (2) Whether wife-murder is an impediment to marriage? Whether It Is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OTHER INJURIES COMMITTED ON THE PERSON (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider other sinful injuries committed on the person. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) The mutilation of members; (2) Blows; (3) Imprisonment; (4)...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACTIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the active life, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether all the works of the moral virtues pertain to the active life? (2) Whether prudence pertains to the active...
Editor's Note. Editor's Note : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], EDITOR'S NOTE: After writing these few questions of the treatise on Penance, St. Thomas was called to the heavenly reward which he had merited by writing so well of his Divine Master. The remainder of the Summa Theologica, known...
Qq. Question. 54.Of The Impediment Of Consanguinity : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF CONSANGUINITY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the impediment of consanguinity. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether consanguinity is rightly defined by some? (2) Whether it is fittingly...
Qq. Question. 66.Of Bigamy And Of The Irregularity : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF BIGAMY AND OF THE IRREGULARITY CONTRACTED THEREBY (FIVE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider bigamy and the irregularity contracted thereby. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether irregularity attaches...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 43 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], SERVICE BY PROMISE (Q[88]) OF VOWS (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider vows, whereby something is promised to God. Under this head there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) What is a vow? (2) What is the matter of a vow? (3) Of the obligati...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GOD'S KNOWLEDGE (SIXTEEN ARTICLES) Having considered what belongs to the divine substance, we have now to treat of God's operation. And since one kind of operation is immanent, and another kind of operation proceeds to the exterior effect, we...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF WHAT BELONGS TO THE UNITY OR PLURALITY IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider what belongs to the unity or plurality in God; which gives rise to four points of inquiry: (1) Concerning the word "Trinity"; (2) Whether we can say that the Son is...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 20 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF LUST (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next consider the vice of lust which is opposed to chastity: (1) Lust in general; (2) its species. Under the first head there are five points of inquiry: (1) What is the matter of lust? (2) Whether all copulati...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHARITY, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) In proper sequence, we must consider charity; and (1) charity itself; (2) the corresponding gift of wisdom. The first consideration will be fivefold: (1) Charity itself; (2) The object...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 62 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND OF GLORY (NINE ARTICLES) In due sequence we have to inquire how the angels were made in the order of grace and of glory; under which heading there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Were...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BEATITUDES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the beatitudes: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the beatitudes differ from the gifts and virtues? (2) Of the rewards of the beatitudes: whether they refer...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 1 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FITNESS OF THE INCARNATION (SIX ARTICLES) Concerning the first, three things occur to be considered: first, the fitness of the Incarnation; secondly, the mode of union of the Word Incarnate; thirdly, what follows this union. Under...
Treatise On The Last End. Prologue : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], PROLOGUE Since, as Damascene states (De Fide Orth. ii, 12), man is said to be made in God's image, in so far as the image implies "an intelligent being endowed with free-will and self-movement": now that we have treated of the exemplar, i.e. God...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 75 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have to consider the change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ; under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 29 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ESPOUSALS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES) We now consider the espousals of God's Mother: concerning which two points arise for inquiry: (1) Whether Christ should have been born of an espoused virgin? (2) Whether there was true...
Treatise On Sacred Doctrine. Question. 1 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF SACRED DOCTRINE (TEN ARTICLES) To place our purpose within proper limits, we first endeavor to investigate the nature and extent of this sacred doctrine. Concerning this there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 62 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SACRAMENTS' PRINCIPAL EFFECT, WHICH IS GRACE (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the effect of the sacraments. First of their principal effect, which is grace; secondly, of their secondary effect, which is a character. Concerning...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 85 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PENANCE AS A VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider penance as a virtue, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether penance is a virtue? (2) Whether it is a special virtue? (3) To what species of virtue does it belong...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 23.How : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW THE PASSIONS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider how the passions differ from one another: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the passions of the concupiscible part are different...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 54 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DERISION [*OR MOCKERY] (TWO ARTICLES) We must now speak of derision, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether derision is a special sin distinct from the other sins whereby one's neighbor is injured by words? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 37 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S CIRCUMCISION, AND OF THE OTHER LEGAL OBSERVANCES ACCOMPLISHED IN REGARD TO THE CHILD CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider Christ's circumcision. And since the circumcision is a kind of profession of observing the Law...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE ACTION OF THE ANGELS ON MAN (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider the action of the angels on man, and inquire: (1) How far they can change them by their own natural power; (2) How they are sent by God to the ministry of men; (3) How they guard...
Treatise On Law. Question. 108.Of Those Things : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE CONTAINED IN THE NEW LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those things that are contained in the New Law: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the New Law ought to prescribe or to forbid any...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 8 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST, AS HE IS THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the grace of Christ as the Head of the Church; and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ is the Head of the Church? (2)...
Appendix 2. Two Articles On Purgatory : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], TWO ARTICLES ON PURGATORY Whether There Is A Purgatory After This Life? OBJECTION 1: It would seem that there is not a Purgatory after this life. For it is said (Apoc. 14:13): "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. From henceforth now, saith...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 20 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S SUBJECTION TO THE FATHER (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider such things as belong to Christ in relation to the Father. Some of these things are predicated of Him because of His relation to the Father, e.g. that He was subject to Him...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF FEAR (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of fear: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether fear causes contraction? (2) Whether it makes men suitable for counsel? (3) Whether it makes one...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 88 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE RETURN OF SINS WHICH HAVE BEEN TAKEN AWAY BY PENANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the return of sins which have been taken away by Penance: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether sins which have been taken...
Treatise On Man. Question. 91.The Producti : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST MAN'S BODY (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the production of the first man's body. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) The matter from which it was produced; (2) The author by whom it w...
Treatise On Law. Question. 97.Of Change In Laws : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHANGE IN LAWS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider change in laws: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether human law is changeable? (2) Whether it should be always changed, whenever anything better occurs? (3) Whether...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PROPAGATION OF MAN AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES) We now consider the propagation of man, as to the body. Concerning this there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether any part of the food is changed into true human nature? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 59 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRODIGALITY (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider prodigality, under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness? (2) Whether prodigality is a sin? (3) Whether it is a graver sin th...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 45.Of Daring : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DARING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider daring: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether daring is contrary to fear? (2) How is daring related to hope? (3) Of the cause of daring; (4) Of its effect. Whether Daring Is...
Untitled : * This is St. Thomas Aquinas' encylopedia-length work on Catholic theology. This translation, considered of high quality, is in the public domain in the United States due to lack of copyright renewal, as required by law at the time. TITLE PAGE Title Page FIRST PART First Part TREATISE ON SACRED...
Treatise On Man. Question. 75.Of Man Who : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAN WHO IS COMPOSED OF A SPIRITUAL AND A CORPOREAL SUBSTANCE: AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, CONCERNING WHAT BELONGS TO THE ESSENCE OF THE SOUL (SEVEN ARTICLES) Having treated of the spiritual and of the corporeal creature, we now proceed to tre...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the mode and order of Christ's conception, concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ's body was formed in the first instant of its...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE THINGS THAT BELONG TO THE SEVENTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the things that belong to the seventh day. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) About the completion of the works; (2) About the resting...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 40 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IRASCIBLE PASSIONS, AND FIRST, OF HOPE AND DESPAIR (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the irascible passions: (1) Hope and despair; (2) Fear and daring; (3) Anger. Under first head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether hope is...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE SPECIAL EFFECTS OF THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider the effects of the Divine government in particular; concerning which four points of inquiry arise: (1) Whether creatures need to be kept in existence by God? (2)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PREDESTINATION OF CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) We shall now consider the predestination of Christ. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ was predestinated? (2) Whether He was predestinated as man? (3) Whether His...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 47 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ADORATION (THREE ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider the external acts of latria, and in the first place, adoration whereby one uses one's body to reverence God; secondly, those acts whereby some external thing is offered to God;...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 78 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FORM OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the form of this sacrament; concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) What is the form of this sacrament? (2) Whether the form for the consecration of the bread is...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE WORK OF THE THIRD DAY (TWO ARTICLES) We next consider the work of the third day. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) About the gathering together of the waters; (2) About the production of plants. Whether It Was Fitting...
Treatise On Man. Question. 76.Of The Uni : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE UNION OF BODY AND SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES) We now consider the union of the soul with the body; and concerning this there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form? (2) Whether...
Qq. Question. 22.Of Those Who Can Excommunicate : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO CAN EXCOMMUNICATE OR BE EXCOMMUNICATED (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider those who can excommunicate or be excommunicated. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether every priest can excommunicate? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 71 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PREPARATIONS THAT ACCOMPANY BAPTISM (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the preparations that accompany Baptism: concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether catechism should precede Baptism? (2) Whether exorcism...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 5 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF HUMAN NATURE WHICH WERE ASSUMED (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the assumption of the parts of human nature; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed a true body...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 66 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES) We have now to consider each sacrament specially: (1) Baptism; (2) Confirmation; (3) the Eucharist; (4) Penance; (5) Extreme Unction; (6) Order; (7) Matrimony. Concerning the first, our considerati...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES) We now have to consider the subject of virtue, about which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul? (2) Whether one virtue can be in several powers? (3)...
Qq. Question. 21.Of The Definition, Congruity : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEFINITION, CONGRUITY AND CAUSE OF EXCOMMUNICATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now treat of excommunication: we shall consider: (1) the definition, congruity and cause of excommunication; (2) who has the power to excommunicate; (3)...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACTION OF THE CORPOREAL CREATURE (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the action of the corporeal creature; and fate, which is ascribed to certain bodies. Concerning corporeal actions there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether a body...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES) We must how consider the vices opposed to charity: (1) hatred, which is opposed to love; (2) sloth and envy, which are opposed to the joy of charity; (3) discord and schism, which are contrary to peace; (4) offense...
Qq. Question. 51.Of The Impediment Of Error : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF ERROR (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the impediments to matrimony in particular, and in the first place the impediment of error. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether error of its very nature is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 50 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF RELIGION (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider each of the foregoing virtues, in so far as our present scope demands. We shall consider (1) religion, (2) piety, (3) observance, (4) gratitude, (5) revenge, (6) truth, (7) friendship, (8)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider the precepts of fortitude: (1) The precepts of fortitude itself; (2) The precepts of its parts. Whether The Precepts Of Fortitude Are Suitably Given In The Divine Law? OBJECTION 1...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 81 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE USE WHICH CHRIST MADE OF THIS SACRAMENT AT ITS INSTITUTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the use which Christ made of this sacrament at its institution; under which heading there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRATUITOUS GRACE CONSISTING IN WORDS (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the gratuitous grace that attaches to words; of which the Apostle says (1 Cor. 12:8): "To one... by the Spirit is given the word of wisdom, and to another the word...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of prophecy. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether prophecy is natural? (2) Whether it is from God by means of the angels? (3) Whether a natural...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 19 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE WILL OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) After considering the things belonging to the divine knowledge, we consider what belongs to the divine will. The first consideration is about the divine will itself; the second about what belongs strictly to His...
Treatise On Law. Question. 94.Of The Natural Law : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NATURAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the natural law; concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) What is the natural law? (2) What are the precepts of the natural law? (3) Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed by...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MEAN OF VIRTUE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the properties of virtues: and (1) the mean of virtue, (2) the connection between virtues, (3) equality of virtues, (4) the duration of virtues. Under the first head there are four...
Qq. Question. 45.Of The Marriage Consent : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MARRIAGE CONSENT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FIVE ARTICLES) In the next place we have to consider the consent; and the first point to discuss is the consent considered in itself; the second is the consent confirmed by oath or by carnal...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRINCIPLE ACT OF CHARITY, WHICH IS TO LOVE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the act of charity, and (1) the principal act of charity, which is to love, (2) the other acts or effects which follow from that act. Under the first head...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INJUSTICE WITH REGARD TO THE PERSON OF THE WITNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider injustice with regard to the person of the witness. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether a man is bound to give evidence? (2)...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PROCESSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FIVE ARTICLES) Having considered what belongs to the unity of the divine essence, it remains to treat of what belongs to the Trinity of the persons in God. And because the divine Persons are distinguished...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SOBRIETY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider sobriety and the contrary vice, namely drunkenness. As regards sobriety there are four points of inquiry: (1) What is the matter of sobriety? (2) Whether it is a special virtue? (3) Whether...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE ETERNITY OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the eternity of God, concerning which arise six points of inquiry: (1) What is eternity? (2) Whether God is eternal? (3) Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone? (4) Whether eternity...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the parts of justice; (1) the subjective parts, which are the species of justice, i.e. distributive and commutative justice; (2) the quasi-integral parts; (3) the quasi-potential parts...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF RESTITUTION (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider restitution, under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) of what is it an act? (2) Whether it is always of necessity for salvation to restore what one has taken away? (3) Whether...
Qq. Question. 27.Of Those Whom Indulgences Avail : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHOM INDULGENCES AVAIL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those whom indulgences avail: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether indulgences avail those who are in mortal sin? (2) Whether they avail religious...
Qq. Question. 3.Of The Degree Of Contrition : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEGREE OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the degree of contrition: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether contrition is the greatest possible sorrow in the world? (2) Whether the sorrow...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 51.Of The Cause : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF HABITS, AS TO THEIR FORMATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the cause of habits: and firstly, as to their formation; secondly, as to their increase; thirdly, as to their diminution and corruption. Under the first head...
Treatise On Law. Question. 102.Of The Causes : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSES OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the causes of the ceremonial precepts: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether there was any cause for the ceremonial precepts? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMAGE (TWO ARTICLES) We next inquire concerning the image: about which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether Image in God is said personally? (2) Whether this name belongs to the Son alone? Whether Image In God Is Said Personally...
Qq. Question. 16.Of Those Who Receive : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the recipients of the sacrament of Penance: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether penance can be in the innocent? (2) Whether it can be...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSON OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) We proceed to treat of what belongs to the person of the Holy Ghost, Who is called not only the Holy Ghost, but also the Love and Gift of God. Concerning the name "Holy Ghost" there are four points...
Qq. Question. 31.Of The Minister Of This Sacrament : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the minister of this sacrament: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether a layman can confer this sacrament? (2) Whether a deacon can? (3) Whether...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MANNER IN WHICH PROPHETIC KNOWLEDGE IS CONVEYED (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the manner in which prophetic knowledge is conveyed, and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the prophets see God's very...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ORDER OF CHARITY (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the order of charity, under which head there are thirteen points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is an order in charity? (2) Whether man ought to love God more than his neighbor? (3)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GLUTTONY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider gluttony. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether gluttony is a sin? (2) Whether it is a mortal sin? (3) Whether it is the greatest of sins? (4) Its species; (5) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE DIVINE RELATIONS (FOUR ARTICLES) The divine relations are next to be considered, in four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are real relations in God? (2) Whether those relations are the divine essence itself, or are extrinsic to it? (3)...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE UNITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) After the foregoing, we consider the divine unity; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether "one" adds anything to "being"? (2) Whether "one" and "many" are opposed to each other? (3)...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 67 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MINISTERS BY WHOM THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM IS CONFERRED (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider the ministers by whom the sacrament of Baptism is conferred. And concerning this there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether it belongs...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ASSAULTS OF THE DEMONS (FIVE ARTICLES) We now consider the assaults of the demons. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether men are assailed by the demons? (2) Whether to tempt is proper to the devil? (3) Whether all...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 51 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (ONE ARTICLE) We must now consider the potential parts of justice, namely the virtues annexed thereto; under which head there are two points of consideration: (1) What virtues are annexed to justice? (2)...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 80 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE USE OR RECEIVING OF THIS SACRAMENT IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) We have now to consider the use or receiving of this sacrament, first of all in general; secondly, how Christ used this sacrament. Under the first heading there are twelve...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 41 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FEAR, IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider, in the first place, fear; and, secondly, daring. With regard to fear, four things must be considered: (1) Fear, in itself; (2) Its object; (3) Its cause; (4) Its effect. Under the first...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ADORATION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider things pertaining to Christ in reference to us; and first, the adoration of Christ, by which we adore Him; secondly, we must consider how He is our Mediator with God. Under...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 79 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of this sacrament, and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether this sacrament bestows grace? (2) Whether the attaining of glory is...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE WORK OF THE SECOND DAY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the work of the second day. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the firmament was made on the second day? (2) Whether there are waters above...
Supplement. To The Third Part Of The Summ : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], SUPPLEMENT (XP): TO THE THIRD PART OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA OF ST. THOMAS AQUINAS GATHERED FROM HIS COMMENTARY ON BOOK IV OF THE SENTENCES (QQ -99)
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 9 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider Christ's knowledge; concerning which the consideration will be twofold. First, of Christ's knowledge in general; secondly, of each particular kind of knowledge He had. Under...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 49.Of Habits : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HABITS IN GENERAL, AS TO THEIR SUBSTANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) After treating of human acts and passions, we now pass on to the consideration of the principles of human acts, and firstly of intrinsic principles, secondly of extrinsic principles...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S PRAYER (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider Christ's prayer; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is becoming that Christ should pray? (2) Whether it pertains to Him in respect of His sensuality? (3)...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN FROM MAN AS TO THE SOUL (THREE ARTICLES) We next consider the production of man from man: first, as to the soul; secondly, as to the body. Under the first head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the sensitive...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) We must now consider the work of the sixth day. OBJECTION 1: It would seem that this work is not fittingly described. For as birds and fishes have a living soul, so also have land animals. But these...
Qq. Question. 34.Holy Orders : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOLY ORDERS (QQ[34]-40) OF THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER AS TO ITS ESSENCE AND ITS PARTS (FIVE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider the sacrament of Order: (1) Order in general; (2) the difference of Orders; (3) those who confer Orders; (4)...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 63 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OTHER EFFECT OF THE SACRAMENTS, WHICH IS A CHARACTER (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the other effect of the sacraments, which is a character: and concerning this there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether by the sacraments...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 84 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the Sacrament of Penance. We shall consider (1) Penance itself; (2) Its effect; (3) Its Parts; (4) The recipients of this sacrament; (5) The power of the ministers, which pertains...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 16.Of Truth : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TRUTH (EIGHT ARTICLES) Since knowledge is of things that are true, after the consideration of the knowledge of God, we must inquire concerning truth. About this there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether truth resides in the thing...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 55 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TALE-BEARING [*'SUSURRATIO,' I.E. WHISPERING] (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider tale-bearing: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether tale-bearing is a sin distinct from backbiting? (2) Which of the two is the more...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW ANGELS ACT ON BODIES (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider how the angels preside over the corporeal creatures. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the corporeal creature is governed by the angels? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THEFT AND ROBBERY (NINE ARTICLES) We must now consider the sins opposed to justice, whereby a man injures his neighbor in his belongings; namely theft and robbery. Under this head there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is natural...
Treatise On Man. Question. 84.How The Soul : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW THE SOUL WHILE UNITED TO THE BODY UNDERSTANDS CORPOREAL THINGS BENEATH IT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We now have to consider the acts of the soul in regard to the intellectual and the appetitive powers: for the other powers of the soul do not come...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VIRGINITY (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider virginity: and under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) In what does virginity consist? (2) Whether it is lawful? (3) Whether it is a virtue? (4) Of its excellence in comparison with...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) We proceed to inquire concerning the knowledge of the divine persons; and this involves four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the divine persons can be known by natural reason? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 37 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO HOPE AND FEAR (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the precepts relating to hope and fear: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) The precepts relating to hope; (2) The precepts relating to fear. Whether...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFTS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We now come to consider the Gifts; under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Gifts differ from the virtues? (2) Of the necessity of the Gifts? (3) Whether the Gifts are habits? (4) Which...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 63 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN (NINE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider how angels became evil: first of all with regard to the evil of fault; and secondly, as to the evil of punishment. Under the first heading there are...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 53.How Habits : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW HABITS ARE CORRUPTED OR DIMINISHED (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider how habits are lost or weakened; and under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether a habit can be corrupted? (2) Whether it can be diminished? (3) How...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF JUSTICE (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider justice. Under this head there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) What is justice? (2) Whether justice is always towards another? (3) Whether it is a virtue? (4) Whether it is in the will as its...
Qq. Question. 40.Of The Things Annexed : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER (SEVEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the things that are annexed to the sacrament of Order. Under this head there are seven points of inquiry: (1) Whether those who are ordained ought to be shaven...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 29 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MERCY (FOUR ARTICLES) [*THE ONE LATIN WORD "MISERICORDIA" SIGNIFIES EITHER PITY OR MERCY. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THESE TWO IS THAT PITY MAY STAND EITHER FOR THE ACT OR FOR THE VIRTUE, WHEREAS MERCY STANDS ONLY FOR THE VIRTUE.] We must now go...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the Theological Virtues: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are any theological virtues? (2) Whether the theological virtues are distinct...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ENVY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider envy, and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) What is envy? (2) Whether it is a sin? (3) Whether it is a mortal sin? (4) Whether it is a capital sin, and which are its daughters...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST, AS GIFT (TWO ARTICLES) There now follows the consideration of the Gift; concerning which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether "Gift" can be a personal name? (2) Whether it is the proper name of the Holy...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO PERSEVERANCE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to perseverance; under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Of effeminacy; (2) Of pertinacity. Whether Effeminacy* Is Opposed To Perseverance...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF REVILING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider injuries inflicted by words uttered extrajudicially. We shall consider (1) reviling, (2) backbiting, (3) tale bearing, (4) derision, (5) cursing. Under the first head there are four points...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 69 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF BAPTISM (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of Baptism, concerning which there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether all sins are taken away by Baptism? (2) Whether man is freed from all punishment by Baptism? (3)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S NATIVITY (EIGHT ARTICLES) After considering Christ's conception, we must treat of His nativity. First, as to the nativity itself; secondly, as to His manifestation after birth. Concerning the first there are eight points of inquiry:...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 77 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACCIDENTS WHICH REMAIN IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the accidents which remain in this sacrament; under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the accidents which remain are without a subject...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 3 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE PERSON ASSUMING (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the union on the part of the Person assuming, and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether to assume is befitting to a Divine...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW ONE CREATURE MOVES ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider how one creature moves another. This consideration will be threefold: (1) How the angels move, who are purely spiritual creatures; (2) How bodies move; (3) How man moves, who is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 41 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE TAKING OF GOD'S NAME BY WAY OF ADJURATION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the taking of God's name by way of adjuration: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful to adjure a man? (2) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE ORDER OF CREATION TOWARDS DISTINCTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the work of distinction; first, the ordering of creation towards distinction; secondly, the distinction itself. Under the first head there are four points...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 90 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the parts of Penance: (1) in general. (2) each one in particular. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Penance has any parts? (2)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 7 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST AS AN INDIVIDUAL MAN (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) We must now consider such things as were co-assumed by the Son of God in human nature; and first what belongs to perfection; secondly, what belongs to defect. Concerning the first...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 73 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SACRAMENT OF THE EUCHARIST (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the sacrament of the Eucharist; and first of all we treat of the sacrament itself; secondly, of its matter; thirdly, of its form; fourthly, of its effects; fifthly...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 45 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OBLATIONS AND FIRST-FRUITS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider oblations and first-fruits. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether any oblations are necessary as a matter of precept? (2) To whom are oblations due? (3)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MATTER FROM WHICH THE SAVIOUR'S BODY WAS CONCEIVED (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider the Saviour's conception. First, as to the matter from which His body was conceived; secondly, as to the author of His conception; thirdly...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MATTERS CONCERNING UNJUST ACCUSATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider matters pertaining to unjust accusation. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether a man is bound to accuse? (2) Whether the accusation should be...
Qq. Question. 15.Of The Means Of Making Satisfacti : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MEANS OF MAKING SATISFACTION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the means of making satisfaction, under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether satisfaction must be made by means of penal works? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 39 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DESPAIR (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the contrary vices; (1) despair; (2) presumption. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether despair is a sin? (2) Whether it can be without unbelief? (3) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO PRUDENCE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the precepts relating to prudence, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) The precepts of prudence; (2) The precepts relating to the opposite vices. Whether...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIVISION OF LIFE INTO ACTIVE AND CONTEMPLATIVE (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider active and contemplative life. This consideration will be fourfold: (1) Of the division of life into active and contemplative; (2) Of the contemplative...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF EQUALITY AND LIKENESS AMONG THE DIVINE PERSONS (SIX ARTICLES) We now have to consider the persons as compared to one another: firstly, with regard to equality and likeness; secondly, with regard to mission. Concerning the first there are six...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TEMPERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to temperance. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether insensibility is a sin? (2) Whether intemperance is a childish sin? (3)...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ALMSDEEDS (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider almsdeeds, under which head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether almsgiving is an act of charity? (2) Of the different kinds of alms; (3) Which alms are of greater account, spiritual...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider moral virtues. We shall speak (1) of the difference between them and intellectual virtues; (2) of their distinction, one from another, in respect...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ABSTINENCE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the subjective parts of temperance: first, those which are about pleasures of food; secondly, those which are about pleasures of sex. The first consideration will include abstinence, which is...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PLURALITY OF PERSONS IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We are now led to consider the plurality of the persons: about which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are several persons in God? (2) How many are they? (3) What the numeral...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE NAMES OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES) After the consideration of those things which belong to the divine knowledge, we now proceed to the consideration of the divine names. For everything is named by us according to our knowledge of it. Under this...
Qq. Question. 35.Of The Effect Of This Sacrament : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next consider me effect of this sacrament. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether sanctifying grace is conferred in the sacrament of Order? (2) Whether a character is...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF JOY (FOUR ARTICLES) WE must now consider the effects which result from the principal act of charity which is love, and (1) the interior effects, (2) the exterior effects. As to the first, three things have to be considered: (1) Joy, (2) Peace...
Qq. Question. 68.Of Illegitimate Children : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider children of illegitimate birth. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether those born out of true marriage are illegitimate? (2) Whether children should suffer...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the Fruits of the Holy Ghost: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost are acts? (2) Whether they differ from the beatitudes...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) After treating individually of all the virtues and vices that pertain to men of all conditions and estates, we must now consider those things which pertain especially to certain men. Now there is a triple difference...
Treatise On Law. Question. 90.Of The Essence : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ESSENCE OF LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the extrinsic principles of acts. Now the extrinsic principle inclining to evil is the devil, of whose temptations we have spoken in the FP, Q[114]. But the extrinsic principle moving...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANGELIC DEGREES OF HIERARCHIES AND ORDERS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We next consider the degrees of the angels in their hierarchies and orders; for it was said above (Q[106], A), that the superior angels enlighten the inferior angels; and not...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 39 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAGNIFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider magnificence and the vices opposed to it. With regard to magnificence there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether magnificence is a virtue? (2) Whether it is a special virtue? (3) What is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MURDER (EIGHT ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider the vices opposed to commutative justice. We must consider (1) those sins that are committed in relation to involuntary commutations; (2) those that are committed with regard...
Prologue. Prologue : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], PROLOGUE Forasmuch as our Saviour the Lord Jesus Christ, in order to "save His people from their sins" (Mat. 1:21), as the angel announced, showed unto us in His own Person the way of truth, whereby we may attain to the bliss of eternal life by...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE WORK OF ADORNMENT, AS REGARDS THE FOURTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the work of adornment, first as to each day by itself, secondly as to all seven days in general. In the first place, then, we consider the work...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SANCTIFICATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (SIX ARTICLES) After the foregoing treatise of the union of God and man and the consequences ther, it remains for us to consider what things the Incarnate Son of God did or suffered in the human nature...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 43 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF FEAR (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of fear: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether love is the cause of fear? (2) Whether defect is the cause of fear? Whether Love Is The Cause Of Fear...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 82 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (TEN ARTICLES) We now proceed to consider the minister of this sacrament: under which head there are ten points for our inquiry: (1) Whether it belongs to a priest alone to consecrate this sacrament? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 53 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CURSING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider cursing. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether one may lawfully curse another? (2) Whether one may lawfully curse an irrational creature? (3) Whether cursing is a mortal...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON FATE (FOUR ARTICLES) We come now to the consideration of fate. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Is there such a thing as fate? (2) Where is it? (3) Is it unchangeable? (4) Are all things subject to fate? Whether There Be...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON ALL THE SEVEN DAYS IN COMMON (THREE ARTICLES) We next consider all the seven days in common: and there are three points of inquiry: (1) As to the sufficiency of these days; (2) Whether they are all one day, or more than one? (3) As to cert...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 39 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BAPTIZING OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider the baptizing of Christ, concerning which there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ should have been baptized? (2) Whether He should have been baptized with...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 65 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NUMBER OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the number of the sacraments: and concerning this there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are seven sacraments? (2) The order of the sacraments among themselves;...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE MISSION OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider the mission of the angels. Under this head arise four points of inquiry: (1) Whether any angels are sent on works of ministry? (2) Whether all are sent? (3) Whether those who are sent...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 57 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PIETY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the gift that corresponds to justice; namely, piety. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a gift of the Holy Ghost? (2) Which of the beatitudes and fruits corresponds...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 86 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF PENANCE, AS REGARDS THE PARDON OF MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the effect of Penance; and (1) as regards the pardon of mortal sins; (2) as regards the pardon of venial sins; (3) as regards the return of sins...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 61 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NECESSITY OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the necessity of the sacraments; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether sacraments are necessary for man's salvation? (2) Whether they were necessary...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 49 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DEVOTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the acts of religion. First, we shall consider the interior acts, which, as stated above, are its principal acts; secondly, we shall consider its exterior acts, which are secondary. The interi...
Qq. Question. 20.Of Those On Whom The Power : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE ON WHOM THE POWER OF THE KEYS CAN BE EXERCISED (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider those on whom the power of the keys can be exercised. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether a priest can use the key, which he...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 47 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE THAT PROVOKES ANGER, AND OF THE REMEDIES OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES) [*THERE IS NO FURTHER MENTION OF THESE REMEDIES IN THE TEXT, EXCEPT IN A.] We must now consider the cause that provokes anger, and its remedies. Under this head there...
Treatise On Law. Question. 96.Of The Power : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POWER OF HUMAN LAW (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the power of human law. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether human law should be framed for the community? (2) Whether human law should repress all vices? (3)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ADOPTION AS BEFITTING TO CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now come to consider whether adoption befits Christ: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is fitting that God should adopt sons? (2) Whether this is...
Qq. Question. 25.Of Indulgences : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INDULGENCES (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider indulgence: (1) in itself; (2) those who grant indulgence; (3) those who receive it. Under the first head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether an indulgence remits any part...
Qq. Question. 4.Of The Time For Contrition : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE TIME FOR CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the time for contrition: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the whole of this life is the time for contrition? (2) Whether it is expedient to grieve...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VAINGLORY (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider vainglory: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether desire of glory is a sin? (2) Whether it is opposed to magnanimity? (3) Whether it is a mortal sin? (4) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF JUDGMENT (SIX ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider judgment, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether judgment is an act of justice? (2) Whether it is lawful to judge? (3) Whether judgment should be based...
Treatise On Man. Question. 95.Of Things Pertaining : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FIRST MAN'S WILL NAMELY, GRACE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider what belongs to the will of the first man; concerning which there are two points of treatment: (1) the grace and righteousness...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF RAPTURE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider rapture. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the soul of man is carried away to things divine? (2) Whether rapture pertains to the cognitive or to the appetitive power? (3)...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF EQUALITY AMONG THE VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider equality among the virtues: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether one virtue can be greater or less than another? (2) Whether all the virtues existing...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 61 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL BEING (FOUR ARTICLES) After dealing with the nature of the angels, their knowledge and will, it now remains for us to treat of their creation, or, speaking in a general way, of their orig...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We next consider the mission of the divine persons, concerning which there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is suitable for a divine person to be sent? (2) Whether mission is eternal...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider charity in relation to its subject, under which head there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) Whether charity is in the will as its subject? (2) Whether charity is caused in man by...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DRUNKENNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider drunkenness. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether drunkenness is a sin? (2) Whether it is a mortal sin? (3) Whether it is the most grievous sin? (4) Whether it excuses...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSON OF THE SON (THREE ARTICLES) We next consider the person of the Son. Three names are attributed to the Son namely, "Son, Word," and "Image." The idea of Son is gathered from the idea of Father. Hence it remains for us to consider...
Qq. Question. 29.Extreme Unction : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], EXTREME UNCTION (QQ[29]-33) OF EXTREME UNCTION, AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE AND INSTITUTION (NINE ARTICLES) We must now consider the sacrament of Extreme Unction: in respect of which five points have to be considered: (1) Its essentials...
Qq. Question. 67.Of The Bill Of Divorce : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BILL OF DIVORCE (SEVEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the bill of divorce, under which head there are seven points of inquiry: (1) Whether the indissolubility of marriage is of natural law? (2) Whether by dispensation it may become lawful...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEFECTS OF SOUL ASSUMED BY CHRIST (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the defects pertaining to the soul; and under this head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether there was sin in Christ? (2) Whether there was the "fomes" of s...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 40 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF FEAR (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the gift of fear, about which there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) Whether God is to be feared? (2) Of the division of fear into filial, initial, servile and worldly; (3) Whether...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 77 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE TIME AND MANNER OF THE RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the time and manner of the resurrection. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the time of the resurrection should be delayed until the end...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GOODNESS AND MALICE IN EXTERNAL HUMAN AFFAIRS (SIX ARTICLES) We must next consider goodness and malice as to external actions: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether goodness and malice is first in the act of the will...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 48 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the first man's sin which was pride: and (1) his sin; (2) its punishment; (3) the temptation whereby he was led to sin. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 69 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MATTERS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION, AND FIRST OF THE PLACE WHERE SOULS ARE AFTER DEATH (SEVEN ARTICLES) In sequence to the foregoing we must treat of matters concerning the state of resurrection: for after speaking of the sacraments whereby...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 61 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF LIBERALITY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider liberality and the opposite vices, namely, covetousness and prodigality. Concerning liberality there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether liberality is a virtue? (2) What is its matter? (3)...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF PLEASURE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the causes of pleasure: and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether operation is the proper cause of pleasure? (2) Whether movement is a cause of pleasure? (3)...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THAT CAUSE OF SIN WHICH IS MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of sin on the part of the will, viz. malice: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is possible for anyone to sin through cert...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 57 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THINGS (FIVE ARTICLES) We next investigate the material objects which are known by the angels. Under this heading there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether the angels know the natures of material things...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) After considering the divine love, we must treat of God's justice and mercy. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is justice in God? (2) Whether His justice can be...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ANGER (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must next consider the contrary vices: (1) Anger that is opposed to meekness; (2) Cruelty that is opposed to clemency. Concerning anger there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful to be angry? (2)...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF APOSTASY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider apostasy: about which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether apostasy pertains to unbelief? (2) Whether, on account of apostasy from the faith, subjects are absolved from allegiance...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 56 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSALITY OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (TWO ARTICLES) We have now to consider the causality of Christ's Resurrection, concerning which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ's Resurrection is the cause of our resurrection? (2)...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the gift of counsel which corresponds to prudence. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether counsel should be reckoned among the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost? (2)...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 91 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF THE WORLD AFTER THE JUDGMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next discuss the quality which the world and those who rise again will have after the judgment. Here a threefold matter offers itself to our consideration: (1) The state...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 17.Concerning : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], CONCERNING FALSITY (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider falsity. About this four points of inquiry arise: (1) Whether falsity exists in things? (2) Whether it exists in the sense? (3) Whether it exists in the intellect? (4) Concerning the oppositi...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 48 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) We now have to consider Christ's Passion as to its effect; first of all, as to the manner in which it was brought about; and, secondly, as to the effect in itself. Under the first heading...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 95 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFTS* OF THE BLESSED (FIVE ARTICLES) [*THE LATIN 'DOS' SIGNIFIES A DOWRY.] We must now consider the gifts of the blessed; under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether any gifts should be assigned to the blessed? (2)...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (ONE ARTICLE) We must now consider the parts of prudence, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Which are the parts of prudence? (2) Of its integral parts; (3) Of its subjective parts; (4) Of its...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF LOVE (SIX ARTICLES) We now have to consider the effects of love: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether union is an effect of love? (2) Whether mutual indwelling is an effect of love? (3) Whether ecstasy...
Treatise On Law. Question. 105.Of The Re : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE REASON FOR THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the reason for the judicial precepts: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Concerning the reason for the judicial precepts relating to the rulers; (2)...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 19 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF WAR (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider war, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether some kind of war is lawful? (2) Whether it is lawful for clerics to fight? (3) Whether it is lawful for belligerents to lay ambushes...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 38 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SUPERSTITION CONSISTING IN UNDUE WORSHIP OF THE TRUE GOD (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the species of superstition. We shall treat (1) Of the superstition which consists in giving undue worship to the true God; (2) Of the superstiti...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF BACKBITING [*OR DETRACTION] (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider backbiting, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) What is backbiting? (2) Whether it is a mortal sin? (3) Of its comparison with other sins; (4) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 52 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S DESCENT INTO HELL (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's descent into hell; concerning which there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was fitting for Christ to descend into hell? (2) Into which hell did He...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the gifts of understand and knowledge, which respond to the virtue of faith. With regard to the gift of understanding there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether understanding...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRIDE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must next consider pride, and (1) pride in general; (2) the first man's sin, which we hold to have been pride. Under the first head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether pride is a sin? (2) Whether it is...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE POWER OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES) After considering the divine foreknowledge and will, and other things pertaining thereto, it remains for us to consider the power of God. About this are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is power in God...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the causes of sorrow: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether sorrow is caused by the loss of a good or rather by the presence of an evil? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 53 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the local movement of the angels; under which heading there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether an angel can be moved locally. (2) Whether in passing from place...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF SIN (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the subject of vice or sin: under which head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether the will can be the subject of sin? (2) Whether the will alone is the subject of sin? (3) Whether...
Treatise On Man. Question. 86.What Our Intellect : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], WHAT OUR INTELLECT KNOWS IN MATERIAL THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) We now have to consider what our intellect knows in material things. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it knows singulars? (2) Whether it knows the infinite...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HUMAN ACTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the circumstances of human acts: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) What is a circumstance? (2) Whether a theologian should take note...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 65 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], IRONY* (TWO ARTICLES) [*IRONY HERE MUST BE GIVEN THE SIGNIFICATION OF THE GREEK , WHENCE IT IS DERIVED: DISSIMULATION OF ONE'S OWN GOOD POINTS.] We must now consider irony, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether irony is...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to knowledge and understanding. Since, however, we have treated of ignorance which is opposed to knowledge, when we were discussing...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE KNOWLEDGE IMPRINTED OR INFUSED IN THE SOUL OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the knowledge imprinted or infused in the soul of Christ, and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ knows all things by...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 73 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SIGNS THAT WILL PRECEDE THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the signs that will precede the judgment: and under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether any signs will precede the Lord's coming to judgment...
Treatise On Law. Question. 91.Of The Various : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LAW (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the various kinds of law: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is an eternal law? (2) Whether there is a natural law? (3) Whether there is a hum...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF USE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider use; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether use is an act of the will? (2) Whether it is to be found in irrational animals...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 82 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPASSIBILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED AFTER THEIR RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the conditions under which the blessed rise again, and (1) the impassibility of their bodies; (2) their subtlety; (3) their agility;...
Treatise On Man. Question. 101.Of The Conditi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS KNOWLEDGE (TWO ARTICLES) We next consider the condition of the offspring as to knowledge. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether in the state of innocence children would have...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CURIOSITY (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider curiosity, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether the vice of curiosity can regard intellective knowledge? (2) Whether it is about sensitive knowledge? Whether Curiosity...
Qq. Question. 8.Of The Minister Of Confession : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MINISTER OF CONFESSION (SEVEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the minister of confession, under which head there are seven points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is necessary to confess to a priest? (2) Whether it is ever lawful to confess...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 73 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DISOBEDIENCE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider disobedience, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a mortal sin? (2) Whether it is the most grievous of sins? Whether Disobedience Is A Mortal Sin? OBJECTION 1:...
Treatise On The Distinction Of Good And Evil. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN PARTICULAR (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the distinction of things in particular; and firstly the distinction of good and evil; and then the distinction of the spiritual and corporeal creatures. Concerning...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 19 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE UNITY OF CHRIST'S OPERATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the unity of Christ's operation; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether in Christ there was one or several operations of the Godhead and Manhood...
Treatise On The Creation. Question. 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BEGINNING OF THE DURATION OF CREATURES (THREE ARTICLES) Next must be considered the beginning of the duration of creatures, about which there are three points for treatment: (1) Whether creatures always existed? (2) Whether that they...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF (CHRIST'S) MIRACLES CONSIDERED SPECIFICALLY (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider each kind of miracle: (1) The miracles which He worked in spiritual substances; (2) The miracles which He worked in heavenly bodies; (3) The miracles which He...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VIRTUE ITSELF OF FAITH (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the virtue itself of faith, and, in the first place, faith itself; secondly, those who have faith; thirdly, the cause of faith; fourthly, its effects. Under the first head there...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 2 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE EXISTENCE OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES) Because the chief aim of sacred doctrine is to teach the knowledge of God, not only as He is in Himself, but also as He is the beginning of things and their last end, and especially of rational creatures...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FEARLESSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the vice of fearlessness: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a sin to be fearless? (2) Whether it is opposed to fortitude? Whether Fearlessness Is A S...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE STAIN OF SIN (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the stain of sin; under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether an effect of sin is a stain on the soul? (2) Whether it remains in the soul after the act of sin? Whether S...
Qq. Question. 43.Of Matrimony With Regard : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MATRIMONY WITH REGARD TO THE BETROTHAL (THREE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider matrimony absolutely; and here we must treat (1) of the betrothal; (2) of the nature of matrimony; (3) of its efficient cause, namely the consent; (4)...
Treatise On The Last End. Question. 4 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider those things that are required for happiness: and concerning this there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether delight is required for happiness? (2)...
Treatise On The Distinction Of Good And Evil : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE CAUSE OF EVIL (THREE ARTICLES) We next inquire into the cause of evil. Concerning this there are three points of inquire: (1) Whether good can be the cause of evil? (2) Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil? (3) Whether there...
Qq. Question. 18.Of The Effect Of The Keys : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF THE KEYS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the effect of the keys under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the power of the keys extends to the remission of guilt? (2) Whether a priest can remit s...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 19 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF LUST (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the parts of lust, under which head there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) Into what parts is lust divided? (2) Whether simple fornication is a mortal sin? (3) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PIETY (FOUR ARTICLES) After religion we must consider piety, the consideration of which will render the opposite vices manifest. Accordingly four points of inquiry arise with regard to piety: (1) To whom does piety extend? (2) What does piety...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE TEMPTATION OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices that are opposed to religion, through lack of religion, and which are manifestly contrary thereto, so that they come under the head of irreligion. Such are the vices which...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH THE RELIGIOUS STATE PROPERLY CONSISTS (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider things pertaining to the religious state: which consideration will be fourfold. In the first place we shall consider those things in which...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 87 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH, AFTER RISING AGAIN, MEN WILL HAVE AT THE JUDGMENT CONCERNING MERITS AND DEMERITS (THREE ARTICLES) In the next place we must treat of those things which follow the resurrection. The first of these to be considered will be...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider good and evil in the passions of the soul: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether moral good and evil can be found in the passions...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ORIGINAL SIN, AS TO ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider original sin as to its essence, and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether original sin is a habit? (2) Whether there is but one original sin in each...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRESUMPTION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to magnanimity; and in the first place, those that are opposed thereto by excess. These are three, namely, presumption, ambition, and vainglory. Secondly, we shall consider...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 6 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE GOODNESS OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider the goodness of God; under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether goodness belongs to God? (2) Whether God is the supreme good? (3) Whether He alone is essentially good? (4)...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF CHARITY (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the Precepts of Charity, under which there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether precepts should be given about charity? (2) Whether there should be one or two? (3) Whether two...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 40 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S MANNER OF LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) Having considered those things which relate to Christ's entrance into the world, or to His beginning, it remains for us to consider those that relate to the process of His life. And we must consider (1)...
Qq. Question. 52.Of The Impediment : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF THE CONDITION OF SLAVERY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the impediment of the condition of slavery. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the condition of slavery is an impediment to matrimony...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 99 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GOD'S MERCY AND JUSTICE TOWARDS THE DAMNED (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next consider God's justice and mercy towards the damned: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether by Divine justice an eternal punishment is inflicted...
Qq. Question. 58.Of The Impediments Of Impotence : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF IMPOTENCE, SPELL, FRENZY OR MADNESS, INCEST AND DEFECTIVE AGE (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider five impediments to marriage, namely the impediments of impotence, spell, frenzy or madness, incest, and defective age...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 86 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE BODIES OF THE DAMNED WILL RISE AGAIN (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the conditions in which the bodies of the damned will rise again. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Qq. Question. 38.Of Those Who Confer This : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO CONFER THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider those who confer this sacrament. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether a bishop alone can confer this sacrament? (2) Whether a heretic or any other...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 69 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TRUTH (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider truth and the vices opposed thereto. Concerning truth there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether truth is a virtue? (2) Whether it is a special virtue? (3) Whether it is a part of justice? (4)...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ENJOYMENT [*OR, FRUITION], WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider enjoyment: concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether to enjoy is an act of the appetitive power? (2) Whether it belongs...
Qq. Question. 41.Matrimony : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], MATRIMONY (QQ[41]-67) OF THE SACRAMENT OF MATRIMONY AS DIRECTED TO AN OFFICE OF NATURE (FOUR ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider matrimony. We must treat of it (1) as directed to an office of nature; (2) as a sacrament; (3)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 40 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PUSILLANIMITY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider pusillanimity. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether pusillanimity is a sin? (2) To what virtue is it opposed? Whether Pusillanimity Is A Sin? OBJECTION 1: It seems th...
Treatise On Man. Question. 93.The End : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE END OR TERM OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN (NINE ARTICLES) We now treat of the end or term of man's production, inasmuch as he is said to be made "to the image and likeness of God." There are under this head nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On Law. Question. 98.Of The Old Law : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES) In due sequence we must now consider the Old Law; and (1) The Law itself; (2) Its precepts. Under the first head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Old Law was good? (2) Whether it was from God? (3)...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 63 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FLATTERY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to the aforesaid virtue: (1) Flattery, and (2) Quarreling. Concerning flattery there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether flattery is a sin? (2) Whether it is a mortal s...
Treatise On The Distinction Of Things : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN GENERAL (THREE ARTICLES) After considering the production of creatures, we come to the consideration of the distinction of things. This consideration will be threefold first, of the distinction of things...
Treatise On Law. Question. 100.Of The Moral : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MORAL PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider each kind of precept of the Old Law: and (1) the moral precepts, (2) the ceremonial precepts, (3) the judicial precepts. Under the first head there are twelve points...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 75 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider things connected with and accompanying the resurrection. Of these the first to be considered will be the resurrection itself; the second will be the cause...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF BEING (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider what pertains to Christ's unity in common. For, in their proper place, we must consider what pertains to unity and plurality in detail: thus we concluded (Q) that there is not only...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 42 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HOPE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) After treating of faith, we must consider hope and (1) hope itself; (2) the gift of fear; (3) the contrary vices; (4) the corresponding precepts. The first of these points gives rise to a twofold...
Qq. Question. 24.Of Absolution From Excommunicati : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ABSOLUTION FROM EXCOMMUNICATION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider absolution from excommunication: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether any priest can absolve his subject from excommunication? (2) Whether a m...
Qq. Question. 55.Of The Impediment Of Affinity : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF AFFINITY (ELEVEN ARTICLES) We must consider next the impediment of affinity. Under this head there are eleven points of inquiry: (1) Whether affinity results from matrimony? (2) Whether it remains after the death of husb...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MARTYRDOM (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider martyrdom, under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether martyrdom is an act of virtue? (2) Of what virtue is it the act? (3) Concerning the perfection of this act; (4) The p...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 93 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE HAPPINESS OF THE SAINTS AND THEIR MANSIONS (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the happiness of the saints and their mansions. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the happiness of the saints will increase...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 20 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF NEGLIGENCE (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider negligence, under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether negligence is a special sin? (2) To which virtue is it opposed? (3) Whether negligence is a mortal sin? Whether...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 54 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF CHRIST RISING AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the quality of the rising Christ, which presents four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ had a true body after His Resurrection? (2) Whether He rose with His...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PREDESTINATION (EIGHT ARTICLES) After consideration of divine providence, we must treat of predestination and the book of life. Concerning predestination there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether predestination is suitably attributed...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INCONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider incontinence: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether incontinence pertains to the soul or to the body? (2) Whether incontinence is a sin? (3) The comparison between...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 110.Of The Grace : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRACE OF GOD AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the grace of God as regards its essence; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether grace implies something in the soul? (2) Whether grace is...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN PARTICULAR (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the causes of sin, in particular, and (1) The internal causes of sin; (2) its external causes; and (3) sins which are the causes of other sins. In view of what has been...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 55 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MEDIUM OF THE ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (THREE ARTICLES) Next in order, the question arises as to the medium of the angelic knowledge. Under this heading there are three points of inquiry: (1) Do the angels know everything by their substance...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CONCUPISCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider concupiscence: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether concupiscence is in the sensitive appetite only? (2) Whether concupiscence is a specific passion? (3) Whether...
Qq. Question. 63.Of Second Marriages : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SECOND MARRIAGES (TWO ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider second marriage. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful? (2) Whether it is a sacrament? Whether A Second Marriage Is Lawful? OBJECTION 1: It...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 51 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) We next inquire about the angels in comparison with corporeal things; and in the first place about their comparison with bodies; secondly, of the angels in comparison with corporeal...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF PLEASURES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the goodness and malice of pleasures: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether every pleasure is evil? (2) If not, whether every pleasure is good...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MODESTY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider modesty: and (1) Modesty in general; (2) Each of its species. Under the first head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether modesty is a part of temperance? (2) What is the matter of modesty...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 50 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEATH OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the death of Christ; concerning which there are six subjects of inquiry: (1) Whether it was fitting that Christ should die? (2) Whether His death severed the union of Godhead...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF UNBELIEF IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider the contrary vices: first, unbelief, which is contrary to faith; secondly, blasphemy, which is opposed to confession of faith; thirdly, ignorance and dulness of mind...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 89 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO WILL JUDGE AND OF THOSE WHO WILL BE JUDGED AT THE GENERAL JUDGMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must next consider who will judge and who will be judged at the general judgment. Under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On Man. Question. 94.Of The State : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE STATE AND CONDITION OF THE FIRST MAN AS REGARDS HIS INTELLECT (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider the state or condition of the first man; first, as regards his soul; secondly, as regards his body. Concerning the first there are two things...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 8 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) Since it evidently belongs to the infinite to be present everywhere, and in all things, we now consider whether this belongs to God; and concerning this there arise four points of inquiry: (1)...
Qq. Question. 5.Of The Effect Of Contrition : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the effect of contrition: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the remission of sin is the effect of contrition? (2) Whether contrition can take away...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 29 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, AS REGARDS THE DEVIL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of sin, as regards the devil; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the devil is directly the cause of sin? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECTIVE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must, in due sequence, consider the subjective parts of prudence. And since we have already spoken of the prudence with which a man rules himself (Q[47], seqq.), it remains for us to discuss...
Treatise On Man. Question. 98.Of The Preservati : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPECIES (TWO ARTICLES) We next consider what belongs to the preservation of the species; and, first, of generation; secondly, of the state of the offspring. Under the first head there are two points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 97 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DAMNED (SEVEN ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider those things that concern the damned after the judgment: (1) The punishment of the damned, and the fire by which their bodies will be tormented; (2) matters...
Treatise On Man. Question. 88.How The Hum : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW THE HUMAN SOUL KNOWS WHAT IS ABOVE ITSELF (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider how the human soul knows what is above itself, viz. immaterial substances. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the human soul...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GOOD AND EVIL OF HUMAN ACTS, IN GENERAL (ELEVEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the good and evil of human acts. First, how a human act is good or evil; secondly, what results from the good or evil of a human act, as merit or demerit, s...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Question. 78 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], (E) BY SINS COMMITTED IN LOANS (Q[78]) OF THE SIN OF USURY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the sin of usury, which is committed in loans: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a sin to take money as a price...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 71 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUFFRAGES FOR THE DEAD (FOURTEEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the suffrages for the dead. Under this head there are fourteen points of inquiry: (1) Whether suffrages performed by one person can profit others? (2) Whether the dead can be...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF WISDOM (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the gift of wisdom which corresponds to charity; and firstly, wisdom itself, secondly, the opposite vice. Under the first head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether wisdom should...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POWER OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the power of Christ's soul; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether He had omnipotence simply? (2) Whether He had omnipotence with regard to corporeal...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 67 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DISSIMULATION AND HYPOCRISY (FOUR ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider dissimulation and hypocrisy. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether all dissimulation is a sin? (2) Whether hypocrisy is dissimulation? (3)...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 111.Of The Divisi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIVISION OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the division of grace; under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether grace is fittingly divided into gratuitous grace and sanctifying grace? (2) Of the divisi...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 54.Of The Distincti : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DISTINCTION OF HABITS (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the distinction of habits; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether many habits can be in one power? (2) Whether habits are distinguished by their...
Treatise On Law. Question. 104.Of The Judicial : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the judicial precepts: and first of all we shall consider them in general; in the second place we shall consider their reasons. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry:...
Treatise On Law. Question. 93.Of The Eternal Law : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ETERNAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider each law by itself; and (1) The eternal law; (2) The natural law; (3) The human law; (4) The old law; (5) The new law, which is the law of the Gospel. Of the sixth law which is the law...
Qq. Question. 23.Of Communication With Excommunicated : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF COMMUNICATION WITH EXCOMMUNICATED PERSONS (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider communication with those who are excommunicated. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful to communicate in matters purely...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 79 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONDITIONS OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN, AND FIRST OF THEIR IDENTITY (THREE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider the conditions of those who rise again. Here we shall consider: (1) Those which concern the good and wicked in common; (2)...
Appendix 1. Appendix 1 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], APPENDIX 1 The following two questions were compiled by Nicolai from St. Thomas' Commentary on the Sentences, and by him included in the supplement between Questions 70 and 71.
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 71 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INGRATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider ingratitude, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether ingratitude is always a sin? (2) Whether ingratitude is a special sin? (3) Whether every act of ingratitude is...
Treatise On Law. Question. 106.Of The Law : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE LAW OF THE GOSPEL, CALLED THE NEW LAW, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) In proper sequence we have to consider now the Law of the Gospel which is called the New Law: and in the first place we must consider it in itself; secondly...
Treatise On Man. Question. 83.Of Free Will : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FREE-WILL (FOUR ARTICLES) We now inquire concerning free-will. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether man has free-will? (2) What is free-will a power, an act, or a habit? (3) If it is a power, is it appetitive...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OUR FIRST PARENTS' TEMPTATION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider our first parents' temptation, concerning which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was fitting for man to be tempted by the devil? (2) Of the manner and order...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 80 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODIES IN THE RESURRECTION (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next consider the integrity of the bodies in the resurrection. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether all the members of the human body will rise...
Treatise On Man. Question. 92.The Producti : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PRODUCTION OF THE WOMAN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the production of the woman. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the woman should have been made in that first production of things? (2) Whether...
Treatise On Man. Question. 87.How The Intellectual : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW THE INTELLECTUAL SOUL KNOWS ITSELF AND ALL WITHIN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider how the intellectual soul knows itself and all within itself. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the soul knows...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHOICE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL WITH REGARD TO THE MEANS (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the acts of the will with regard to the means. There are three of them: to choose, to consent, and to use. And choice is preceded by counsel...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SACRILEGE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices which pertain to irreligion, whereby sacred things are treated with irreverence. We shall consider (1) Sacrilege; (2) Simony. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On Law. Question. 101.Of The Ceremonial : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS IN THEMSELVES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the ceremonial precepts: and first we must consider them in themselves; secondly, their cause; thirdly, their duration. Under the first head there are four points...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the different kinds of religious life, and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are different kinds of religious life or only one? (2)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 58 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES) WE have now to consider Christ's sitting at the right hand of the Father, concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ is seated at the right h...
Treatise On Law. Question. 99.Of The Precepts : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the precepts of the Old Law; and (1) how they are distinguished from one another; (2) each kind of precept. Under the first head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 59 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE WILL OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) In the next place we must treat of things concerning the will of the angels. In the first place we shall treat of the will itself; secondly, of its movement, which is love. Under the first heading there are...
Treatise On Man. Question. 90.Of The First : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF MAN'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) After the foregoing we must consider the first production of man, concerning which there are four subjects of treatment: (1) the production of man himself; (2) the end of this production; (3)...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VENIAL AND MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES) In the next place, since venial and mortal sins differ in respect of the debt of punishment, we must consider them. First, we shall consider venial sin as compared with mortal sin; secondly, we shall...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF THE SOUL'S PASSIONS (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the passions of the soul: first, in general; secondly, in particular. Taking them in general, there are four things to be considered: (1) Their subject: (2)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF FORTITUDE (ONE ARTICLE) We must now consider the parts of fortitude; first we shall consider what are the parts of fortitude; and secondly we shall treat of each part. Whether The Parts Of Fortitude Are Suitably Assigned...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PASSION OF CHRIST (TWELVE ARTICLES) In proper sequence we have now to consider all that relates to Christ's leaving the world. In the first place, His Passion; secondly, His death; thirdly, His burial; and, fourthly, His descent into hell...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 13 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACT OF FAITH (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the act of faith, and (1) the internal act; (2) the external act. Under the first head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) What is "to believe," which is the internal act of faith? (2)...
Treatise On The Creation. Question. 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PROCESSION OF CREATURES FROM GOD, AND OF THE FIRST CAUSE OF ALL THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES) After treating of the procession of the divine persons, we must consider the procession of creatures from God. This consideration will be threefold: (1)...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 109.Of The Necessity : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NECESSITY OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the exterior principle of human acts, i.e. God, in so far as, through grace, we are helped by Him to do right: and, first, we must consider the grace of God; secondly, its cause;...
Treatise On Man. Question. 97.Of The Preservati : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE PRIMITIVE STATE (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider what belongs to the bodily state of the first man: first, as regards the preservation of the individual; secondly, as regards the preservati...
Treatise On The Last End. Question. 2 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH MAN'S HAPPINESS CONSISTS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider happiness: and (1) in what it consists; (2) what it is; (3) how we can obtain it. Concerning the first there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Qq. Question. 17.Of The Power Of The Keys : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POWER OF THE KEYS (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the power of the ministers of this sacrament, which power depends on the keys. As to this matter, in the first place we shall treat of the keys, secondly, of excommunication, thirdly...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DULIA (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the parts of observance. We shall consider (1) dulia, whereby we pay honor and other things pertaining thereto to those who are in a higher position; (2) obedience, whereby we obey their commands...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 17 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SEDITION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider sedition, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a special sin? (2) Whether it is a mortal sin? Whether Sedition Is A Special Sin Distinct From Other Sins? OBJECTION 1:...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 4 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PERFECTION OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES) Having considered the divine simplicity, we treat next of God's perfection. Now because everything in so far as it is perfect is called good, we shall speak first of the divine perfection; secondly...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 42 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S DOCTRINE (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's doctrine, about which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ should have preached to the Jews only, or to the Gentiles also? (2) Whether in preaching He should...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING THE CAUSE OF ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of sin, in so far as one sin can be the cause of another. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Qq. Question. 37.Of The Distinction Of Orders : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DISTINCTION OF ORDERS, OF THEIR ACTS, AND THE IMPRINTING OF THE CHARACTER (FIVE ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider the distinction of the orders and their acts, and the imprinting of the character. Under this head there are five...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL IN PARTICULAR: AND FIRST, OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the soul's passions in particular, and (1) the passions of the concupiscible faculty; (2) the passions of the irascible faculty. The first...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE STATE OF PERFECTION IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider those things that pertain to the state of perfection whereto the other states are directed. For the consideration of offices in relation to other acts belongs...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SUPERSTITION IN DIVINATIONS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider superstition in divinations, under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether divination is a sin? (2) Whether it is a species of superstition? (3)...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 38 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE REMEDIES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the remedies of pain or sorrow: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by every pleasure? (2) Whether it is assuaged by...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of faith, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether faith is infused into man by God? (2) Whether lifeless faith is a gift of God? Whether Faith Is Infused...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 42 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MODESTY IN THE OUTWARD APPAREL (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider modesty as connected with the outward apparel, and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether there can be virtue and vice in connection with outward...
Treatise On Man. Question. 99.Of The Conditi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the condition of the offspring first, as regards the body; secondly, as regards virtue; thirdly, in knowledge. Under the first head there are two points...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THAT WHICH MOVES THE WILL (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider what moves the will: and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the will is moved by the intellect? (2) Whether it is moved by the sensitive appetite? (3)...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 84 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE AGILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the agility of the bodies of the blessed in the resurrection. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the glorified bodies will be agile...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 66 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF BOASTING (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider boasting and irony, which are parts of lying according to the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 7). Under the first head, namely, boasting, there are two points of inquiry: (1) To which virtue is it opposed...
Qq. Question. 53.Of The Impediment Of Vows : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF VOWS AND ORDERS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the impediment of vows and orders. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether a simple vow is a diriment impediment to matrimony? (2) Whether a solemn...
Treatise On Man. Question. 77.Of Those Things : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS WHICH BELONG TO THE POWERS OF THE SOUL IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) We proceed to consider those things which belong to the powers of the soul; first, in general, secondly, in particular. Under the first head there are eight...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF THE INTERIOR ACT OF THE WILL (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the goodness of the interior act of the will; under which head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether the goodness of the will depends...
Qq. Question. 64.Of The Things Annexed : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO MARRIAGE, AND FIRST OF THE PAYMENT OF THE MARRIAGE DEBT (TEN ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider those things which are annexed to marriage: (1) the payment of the marriage debt; (2) plurality of wives; (3)...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 70 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF THE SOUL AFTER LEAVING THE BODY, AND OF THE PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON IT BY MATERIAL FIRE (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the general quality of the soul after leaving the body, and the punishment inflicted on it by...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACQUIRED OR EMPIRIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the acquired or empiric knowledge of Christ's soul; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ knew all things by this...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 9 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES) We next consider God's immutability, and His eternity following on His immutability. On the immutability of God there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether God is altogether immutable? (2) Whether to be...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF MAN (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of sin, on the part of man. Now, while man, like the devil, is the cause of another's sin, by outward suggestion, he has a certain special manner of causing...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF EACH QUASI-INTEGRAL PART OF PRUDENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider each quasi-integral part of prudence, and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Memory; (2) Understanding or Intelligence; (3) Docility; (4)...
Treatise On Man. Question. 81.Of The Power : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POWER OF SENSUALITY (THREE ARTICLES) Next we have to consider the power of sensuality, concerning which there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether sensuality is only an appetitive power? (2) Whether it is divided into irascible...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 96 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE AUREOLES (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider the aureoles. Under this head there are thirteen points of inquiry: (1) Whether the aureoles differ from the essential reward? (2) Whether they differ from the fruit? (3)...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE COMPARISON OF ONE SIN WITH ANOTHER (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the comparison of one sin with another: under which head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether all sins and vices are connected with one another? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 50 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE ANGELS ABSOLUTELY CONSIDERED (FIVE ARTICLES) Now we consider the distinction of corporeal and spiritual creatures: firstly, the purely spiritual creature which in Holy Scripture is called angel; secondly, the creature...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PAIN OR SORROW, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider pain and sorrow: concerning which we must consider: (1) Sorrow or pain in itself; (2) Its cause; (3) Its effects; (4) Its remedies; (5) Its goodness or malice. Under the first...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HUMILITY (SIX ARTICLES) We must consider next the species of modesty: (1) Humility, and pride which is opposed to it; (2) Studiousness, and its opposite, Curiosity; (3) Modesty as affecting words or deeds; (4) Modesty as affecting outward...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIVINE BEATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) After considering all that pertains to the unity of the divine essence, we come to treat of the divine beatitude. Concerning this, there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether beatitude belongs to God...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 51 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S BURIAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's burial, concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was fitting for Christ to be buried? (2) Concerning the manner of His burial; (3) Whether His body w...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HERESY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider heresy: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether heresy is a kind of unbelief? (2) Of the matter about which it is; (3) Whether heretics should be tolerated? (4) Whether...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 88 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GENERAL JUDGMENT, AS TO THE TIME AND PLACE AT WHICH IT WILL BE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the general judgment, as to the time and place at which it will be. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 55 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE RESURRECTION (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the manifestation of the Resurrection: concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ's Resurrection ought to have been manifested to all men...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) Having considered all that relates to the will absolutely, we must now proceed to those things which have relation to both the intellect and the will, namely providence, in respect to all created things;...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CLEMENCY AND MEEKNESS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider clemency and meekness, and the contrary vices. Concerning the virtues themselves there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether clemency and meekness are altogether identical? (2)...
Title Page. Title Page : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ST. THOMAS AQUINAS SUMMA THEOLOGICA SUMMA THEOLOGICA (BENZIGER BROS. EDITION, 1947) TRANSLATED BY FATHERS OF THE ENGLISH DOMINICAN PROVINCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: THIS DIGITAL FILE WAS PRODUCED THROUGH THE KINDNESS OF SANDRA K. PERRY, PERRYSBURG, OHIO.
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 54 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) After considering what belongs to the angel's substance, we now proceed to his knowledge. This investigation will be fourfold. In the first place inquiry must be made into his power of knowledge:...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of sin, on the part of the sensitive appetite, as to whether a passion of the soul may be a cause of sin: and under this head there are...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 52.Of The Increase : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE INCREASE OF HABITS (THREE ARTICLES) We have now to consider the increase of habits; under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether habits increase? (2) Whether they increase by addition? (3) Whether each act increases...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DELIGHT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF [*OR, PLEASURE] (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider delight and sadness. Concerning delight four things must be considered: (1) Delight in itself; (2) The causes of delight; (3) Its effects; (4) Its goodness...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FEAR* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*ST. THOMAS CALLS THIS VICE INDIFFERENTLY 'FEAR' OR 'TIMIDITY.' THE TRANSLATION REQUIRES ONE TO ADHERE TO THESE TERMS ON ACCOUNT OF THE CONNECTION WITH THE PASSION OF FEAR. OTHERWISE 'COWARDICE' WOULD BE A BETTER...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 92 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VISION OF THE DIVINE ESSENCE IN REFERENCE TO THE BLESSED* (THREE ARTICLES) [*CF. FP, Q[12]] In the next place we must consider matters concerning the blessed after the general judgment. We shall consider: (1) Their vision of the Divine...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 21 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF IMPRUDENCE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to prudence. For Augustine says (Contra Julian. iv, 3): "There are vices opposed to every virtue, not only vices that are in manifest opposition to virtue, as temerity is...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VOLUNTARY AND THE INVOLUNTARY (EIGHT ARTICLES) Since therefore Happiness is to be gained by means of certain acts, we must in due sequence consider human acts, in order to know by what acts we may obtain Happiness, and by what acts we are...
Treatise On Law. Question. 103.Of The Durati : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DURATION OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the duration of the ceremonial precepts: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the ceremonial precepts were in existence before the Law? (2)...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 74 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FIRE OF THE FINAL CONFLAGRATION (NINE ARTICLES) We must now consider the fire of the final conflagration: and under this head there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether any cleansing of the world is to take place? (2) Whether it will...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CHRIST IN HIS BEING AND BECOMING (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the consequences of the union; and first as to what belongs to Christ in Himself; secondly, as to what belongs to Christ in relati...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 43 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF FAITH, KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the precepts pertaining to the aforesaid, and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) The precepts concerning faith; (2) The precepts...
Qq. Question. 11.Of The Seal Of Confession : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SEAL OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now inquire about the seal of confession, about which there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether in every case a man is bound to hide what he knows under the seal of confession? (2) Whether...
Qq. Question. 9.Of The Quality Of Confession : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF CONFESSION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the quality of confession: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether confession can be lacking in form? (2) Whether confession ought to be entire? (3) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 62 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF QUARRELING (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider quarreling; concerning which there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is opposed to the virtue of friendship? (2) Of its comparison with flattery? Whether Quarreling Is Opposed...
Treatise On Man. Question. 96.Of The Mastership : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MASTERSHIP BELONGING TO MAN IN THE STATE OF INNOCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider the mastership which belonged to man in the state of innocence. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether man in the state...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DISTINCTION OF SINS (NINE ARTICLES) We must now consider the distinction of sins or vices: under which head there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether sins are distinguished specifically by their objects? (2) Of the distinction between...
Treatise On Man. Question. 102.Of Man's Abode : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAN'S ABODE, WHICH IS PARADISE (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider man's abode, which is paradise. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether paradise is a corporeal place? (2) Whether it is a place apt for human habitati...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 74 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OBEDIENCE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider obedience, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether one man is bound to obey another? (2) Whether obedience is a special virtue? (3) Of its comparison with other virtues; (4)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 43 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MODESTY AS CONSISTING IN THE OUTWARD MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider modesty as consisting in the outward movements of the body, and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there can be virtue...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WILL IS MOVED (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the manner in which the will is moved. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the will is moved to anything naturally? (2) Whether it is moved...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 85 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CLARITY OF THE BEATIFIED BODIES (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the clarity of the beatified bodies at the resurrection. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether there will be clarity in the glorified bodies...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ENTRANCE INTO RELIGIOUS LIFE (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider the entrance into religious life. Under this head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether those who are not practiced in the observance of the commandments should enter...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAN'S VARIOUS DUTIES AND STATES IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider man's various states and duties. We shall consider (1) man's duties and states in general; (2) the state of the perfect in particular. Under the first head there...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 112.Of The Cause : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of grace; and under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether God alone is the efficient cause of grace? (2) Whether any disposition towards grace is needed...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 37 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF IDOLATRY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider idolatry: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether idolatry is a species of superstition? (2) Whether it is a sin? (3) Whether it is the gravest sin? (4) Of the cause of this...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 39 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the goodness and malice of pain or sorrow: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether all sorrow is evil? (2) Whether sorrow can be a virtuous...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of faith: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether fear is an effect of faith? (2) Whether the heart is purified by faith? Whether Fear Is An Effect...
Appendix 1. Question. 1.Of The Quality : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE SOULS WHO DEPART THIS LIFE WITH ORIGINAL SIN ONLY (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider the various qualities of souls that are stripped of their bodies, according to their respective states; and first we shall tre...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 29 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OBSERVANCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF, AND OF ITS PARTS (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider observance and its parts, the considerations of which will manifest the contrary vices. Under the head of observance there are three points of inquiry:...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SCANDAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) It remains for us to consider the vices which are opposed to beneficence, among which some come under the head of injustice, those, to wit, whereby one harms one's neighbor unjustly. But scandal seems to be specially...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 43 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MIRACLES WORKED BY CHRIST, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the miracles worked by Christ: (1) In general; (2) Specifically, of each kind of miracle; (3) In particular, of His transfiguration. Concerning the first, there...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF SIN, AND, FIRST, OF THE CORRUPTION OF THE GOOD OF NATURE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of sin; and (1) the corruption of the good of nature; (2) the stain on the soul; (3) the debt of punishment. Under...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of love: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether good is the only cause of love? (2) Whether knowledge is a cause of love? (3) Whether likeness is...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 20 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VENIAL SIN IN ITSELF (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider venial sin in itself, and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether venial sin causes a stain in the soul? (2) Of the different kinds of venial sin, as denoted by...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAGNANIMITY* (EIGHT ARTICLES) [*NOT IN THE ORDINARY RESTRICTED SENSE BUT AS EXPLAINED BY THE AUTHOR] We must now consider each of the parts of fortitude, including, however, the other parts under those mentioned by Tully, with the excepti...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACTIVE LIFE IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the active life in comparison with the contemplative life, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Which of them is of greater...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 47 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFICIENT CAUSE OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the efficient cause of Christ's Passion, concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ was slain by others, or by Himself? (2) From wh...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OUTWARD ACT OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the outward act, viz. the confession of faith: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether confession is an act of faith? (2) Whether confession of faith is...
Treatise On The Creation. Question. 45 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE (EIGHT ARTICLES) The next question concerns the mode of the emanation of things from the First Principle, and this is called creation, and includes eight points of inquiry: (1) What is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PERJURY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider perjury: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether falsehood is necessary for perjury? (2) Whether perjury is always a sin? (3) Whether it is always a mortal sin? (4) Whether...
Treatise On Law. Question. 92.Of The Effects : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF LAW (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of law; under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether an effect of law is to make men good? (2) Whether the effects of law are to command, to forbid, to permit...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE COMPETENT TO RELIGIOUS (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the things that are competent to religious; and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful for them to teach, preach, and do like...
Qq. Question. 6.Of Confession, As Regards : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CONFESSION, AS REGARDS ITS NECESSITY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider confession, about which there are six points for our consideration: (1) The necessity of confession; (2) Its nature; (3) Its minister; (4) Its quality; (5) Its effect;...
Qq. Question. 32.On Whom Should This Sacrament : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON WHOM SHOULD THIS SACRAMENT BE CONFERRED AND ON WHAT PART OF THE BODY? (SEVEN ARTICLES) We must now consider on whom this sacrament should be conferred and on what part of the body: under which head there are seven points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 59 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S JUDICIARY POWER (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's judiciary power. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether judiciary power is to be attributed to Christ? (2) Whether it belongs to Him as man? (3)...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 58 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE OF ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (SEVEN ARTICLES) After the foregoing we have now to treat of the mode of the angelic knowledge, concerning which there are seven points of inquiry: (1) Whether the angel's intellect be sometimes in potentiality...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CONSENT, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider consent; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether consent is an act of the appetitive or of the apprehensive power? (2)...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 47 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PUNISHMENTS OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the punishments of the first sin; and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Death, which is the common punishment; (2) the other particular punishments...
Qq. Question. 46.Of The Consent To Which : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONSENT TO WHICH AN OATH OR CARNAL INTERCOURSE IS APPENDED (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the consent to which an oath or carnal intercourse is appended. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether an oath added...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 81 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the quality of those who rise again. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether all will rise again in the youthful age? (2) Whether they will be...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 29.Of Hatred : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider hatred: concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether evil is the cause and the object of hatred? (2) Whether love is the cause of hatred? (3) Whether hatred is stronger than love...
Qq. Question. 48.Of The Object Of The Consent : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONSENT (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the object of the consent. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether the consent that makes a marriage is a consent to carnal intercourse? (2) Whether consent...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF COUNSEL, WHICH PRECEDES CHOICE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider counsel; concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether counsel is an inquiry? (2) Whether counsel is of the end or of the means? (3) Whether counsel is only...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 113.Of The Effects : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES) We have now to consider the effect of grace; (1) the justification of the ungodly, which is the effect of operating grace; and (2) merit, which is the effect of cooperating grace. Under the first head there...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 78 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE TERM "WHEREFROM" OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the term "wherefrom" of the resurrection; and under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether death is the term "wherefrom" of the resurrecti...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 70 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VENGEANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider vengeance, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether vengeance is lawful? (2) Whether it is a special virtue? (3) Of the manner of taking vengeance; (4) On whom should...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 45 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FOLLY WHICH IS OPPOSED TO WISDOM (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider folly which is opposed to wisdom; and under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether folly is contrary to wisdom? (2) Whether folly is a sin? (3) To which...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BEATIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) Now we must consider each of the aforesaid knowledges. Since, however, we have treated of the Divine knowledge in the FP, Q[14], it now remains to speak of the three others: (1)...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 72 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRAYERS WITH REGARD TO THE SAINTS IN HEAVEN (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider prayer with regard to the saints in heaven. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the saints have knowledge of our prayers? (2) Whether...
Qq. Question. 28.Of The Solemn Rite Of Penance : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SOLEMN RITE OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the solemn rite of Penance: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether a penance can be published or solemnized? (2) Whether a solemn penance can be...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACTS COMMANDED BY THE WILL (NINE ARTICLES) We must now consider the acts commanded by the will; under which head there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether command is an act of the will or of the reason? (2) Whether command belongs...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE WILL, IN REGARD TO WHAT IT WILLS (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the different acts of the will; and in the first place, those acts which belong to the will itself immediately, as being elicited by the will; secondly, those acts...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 64 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FRIENDLINESS WHICH IS CALLED AFFABILITY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the friendliness which is called affability, and the opposite vices which are flattery and quarreling. Concerning friendliness or affability, there are two points...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 39 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SUPERSTITION (TWO ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider the vices that are opposed to religion. First we shall consider those which agree with religion in giving worship to God; secondly, we shall treat of those vices which are...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 53 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider those things that concern Christ's Exaltation; and we shall deal with (1) His Resurrection; (2) His Ascension; (3) His sitting at the right hand of God the Father; (4) His...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF KNOWLEDGE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the gift of knowledge, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether knowledge is a gift? (2) Whether it is about Divine things? (3) Whether it is speculative...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FORTITUDE (TWELVE ARTICLES) After considering justice we must in due sequence consider fortitude. We must (1) consider the virtue itself of fortitude; (2) its parts; (3) the gift corresponding thereto; (4) the precepts that pertain to it...
Qq. Question. 12.Of Satisfaction, As To Its Nature : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SATISFACTION, AS TO ITS NATURE (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider satisfaction; about which four things have to be considered: (1) Its nature; (2) Its possibility; (3) Its quality; (4) The means whereby man offers satisfaction to God...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE BOOK OF LIFE (THREE ARTICLES) We now consider the book of life; concerning which there are three points of inquiry: (1) What is the book of life? (2) Of what life is it the book? (3) Whether anyone can be blotted out of the book of life...
Qq. Question. 44.Of The Definition Of Matrimony : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEFINITION OF MATRIMONY (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the nature of matrimony. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether matrimony is a kind of joining? (2) Whether it is fittingly named? (3) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 37 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF PAIN OR SORROW (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of pain or of sorrow: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether pain deprives one of the power to learn? (2) Whether the effect of sorrow...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the causes of sin: (1) in general; (2) in particular. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether sin has a cause? (2) Whether it has an internal cause...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 52 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE (THREE ARTICLES) We now inquire into the place of the angels. Touching this there are three subjects of inquiry: (1) Is the angel in a place? (2) Can he be in several places at once? (3) Can several angels be...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 94 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE RELATIONS OF THE SAINTS TOWARDS THE DAMNED (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the relations of the saints towards the damned. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether the saints see the sufferings of the damned...
Qq. Question. 50.Of The Impediments Of Marriage : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF MARRIAGE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE) In the next place we must consider the impediments of marriage: (1) In general; (2) In particular. Whether It Is Fitting That Impediments Should Be Assigned To Marriage? OBJECTION 1: It...
Treatise On Law. Question. 95.Of Human Law : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF HUMAN LAW (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider human law; and (1) this law considered in itself; (2) its power; (3) its mutability. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Its utility. (2) Its origin. (3) Its quality. (4)...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 27 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRUDENCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (SIXTEEN ARTICLES) After treating of the theological virtues, we must in due sequence consider the cardinal virtues. In the first place we shall consider prudence in itself; secondly, its parts; thirdly...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF STRIFE (TWO ARTICLES) [*STRIFE HERE DENOTES FIGHTING BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS] We must now consider strife, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether strife is a sin? (2) Whether it is a daughter of anger? Whether Strife Is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 23 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VIRTUES WHICH ARE CONNECTED WITH PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) In due sequence, we must consider the virtues that are connected with prudence, and which are its quasi-potential parts. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 90 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE FORM OF THE JUDGE IN COMING TO THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the form of the Judge in coming to the judgment. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ will judge under the form or His...
Qq. Question. 36.Of The Qualities Required : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES) We must next consider the qualities required of those who receive the sacrament of Order. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether goodness...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 49 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider what are the effects of Christ's Passion, concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether we were freed from sin by Christ's Passion? (2) Whether we were...
Treatise On Man. Question. 79.Of The Intellectual : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) The next question concerns the intellectual powers, under which head there are thirteen points of inquiry: (1) Whether the intellect is a power of the soul, or its essence? (2) If it be a power...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 33 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF PLEASURE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of pleasure; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether expansion is an effect of pleasure? (2) Whether pleasure causes thirst or desire...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 56 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL THINGS (THREE ARTICLES) We now inquire into the knowledge of the angels with regard to the objects known by them. We shall treat of their knowledge, first, of immaterial things, secondly of things material...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the external causes of sin, and (1) on the part of God; (2) on the part of the devil; (3) on the part of man. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On Habits. Question. 50.Of The Subject : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF HABITS (SIX ARTICLES) We consider next the subject of habits: and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is a habit in the body? (2) Whether the soul is a subject of habit, in respect of its essence...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CRUELTY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider cruelty, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether cruelty is opposed to clemency? (2) Of its comparison with savagery or brutality. Whether Cruelty Is Opposed To Clemency...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SIN OF BLASPHEMY, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the sin of blasphemy, which is opposed to the confession of faith; and (1) blasphemy in general, (2) that blasphemy which is called the sin against the Holy Ghost. Under...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 57 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's Ascension: concerning which there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether it belonged for Christ to ascend into heaven? (2) According to which nature did it become Him...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 60 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO LIBERALITY, AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, OF COVETOUSNESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to liberality: and (1) covetousness; (2) prodigality. Under the first head there are eight points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On Man. Question. 78.Of The Specific : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SPECIFIC POWERS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES) We next treat of the powers of the soul specifically. The theologian, however, has only to inquire specifically concerning the intellectual and appetitive powers, in which the virtues reside...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEFECTS OF BODY ASSUMED BY THE SON OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the defects Christ assumed in the human nature; and first, of the defects of body; secondly, of the defects of soul. Under the first head there are four points...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 41 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF HOPE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the subject of hope, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the virtue of hope is in the will as its subject? (2) Whether it is in the blessed? (3) Whether it is...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 76 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the cause of our resurrection. Under this head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ's resurrection is the cause of our resurrection? (2) Whether the sound...
Qq. Question. 56.Of The Impediment Of Spiritual : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the impediment of spiritual relationship: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether spiritual relationship is an impediment to marriage? (2)...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS BY REASON OF THEIR GOODNESS AND MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider the consequences of human actions by reason of their goodness and malice: and under this head there are four points of inquiry:...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 68 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TRUTH, AND FIRST OF LYING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to truth, and (1) lying: (2) dissimulation or hypocrisy: (3) boasting and the opposite vice. Concerning lying there are four points...
Qq. Question. 19.Of The Ministers Of The Keys : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MINISTERS OF THE KEYS (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the ministers and the use of the keys: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the priest of the Law had the keys? (2) Whether Christ had the keys? (3)...
Treatise On Human Acts. Acts Peculiar. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INTENTION (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider Intention: concerning which there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether intention is an act of intellect or of the will? (2) Whether it is only of the last end? (3) Whether one can intend two...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 41 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF TEMPERANCE (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider the precepts of temperance: (1) The precepts of temperance itself; (2) The precepts of its parts. Whether The Precepts Of Temperance Are Suitably Given In The Divine Law...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Question. 77 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], (D) BY SINS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING (Q[77]) OF CHEATING, WHICH IS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those sins which relate to voluntary commutations. First, we shall consider cheating, which is...
Qq. Question. 61.Of The Impediment To Marriage : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE, ARISING FROM A SOLEMN VOW (THREE ARTICLES) We must next consider the impediments which supervene to marriage. We shall consider (1) the impediment which affects an unconsummated marriage, namely a solemn vow: (2)...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 25 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ORDER OF THE PASSIONS TO ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the order of the passions to one another: and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) The relation of the irascible passions to the concupiscible...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBJECT OF ORIGINAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the subject of original sin, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the subject of original sin is the flesh rather than the soul? (2) If it be the soul...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF AMBITION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider ambition: and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is a sin? (2) Whether it is opposed to magnanimity by excess? Whether Ambition Is A Sin? OBJECTION 1: It seems th...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 20.God's Love : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], GOD'S LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES) We next consider those things that pertain absolutely to the will of God. In the appetitive part of the soul there are found in ourselves both the passions of the soul, as joy, love, and the like; and the habits...
Appendix 1. Question. 2.Of The Quality : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF SOULS WHO EXPIATE ACTUAL SIN OR ITS PUNISHMENT IN PURGATORY (SIX ARTICLES) We must next treat of the souls which after this life expiate the punishment of their actual sins in the fire of Purgatory. Under this head there are...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FAITH (TEN ARTICLES) Having to treat now of the theological virtues, we shall begin with Faith, secondly we shall speak of Hope, and thirdly, of Charity. The treatise on Faith will be fourfold: (1) Of faith itself; (2) Of the corresponding...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 7 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE INFINITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) After considering the divine perfection we must consider the divine infinity, and God's existence in things: for God is everywhere, and in all things, inasmuch as He is boundless and infinite. Concerning...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 41 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S TEMPTATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider Christ's temptation, concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was becoming that Christ should be tempted? (2) Of the place; (3) Of the time; (4) Of the mode...
Treatise On The Last Things. Question. 98 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE WILL AND INTELLECT OF THE DAMNED (NINE ARTICLES) We must next consider matters pertaining to the will and intellect of the damned. Under this head there are nine points of inquiry: (1) Whether every act of will in the damned is evil? (2)...
Treatise On The Last End. Question. 1 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MAN'S LAST END (EIGHT ARTICLES) In this matter we shall consider first the last end of human life; and secondly, those things by means of which man may advance towards this end, or stray from the path: for the end is the rule of whatever is...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 35 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SUPERSTITION IN OBSERVANCES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider superstition in observances, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Of observances for acquiring knowledge, which are prescribed by the magic art; (2)...
Qq. Question. 39.Of The Impediments To This : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENTS TO THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) We must next consider the impediments to this sacrament. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the female sex is an impediment to receiving this sacrament? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The States Of Life. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE EPISCOPAL STATE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider things pertaining to the episcopal state. Under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is lawful to desire the office of a bishop? (2) Whether...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider the potential parts of temperance: (1) continence; (2) clemency; (3) modesty. Under the first head we must consider continence and incontinence. With regard to continence there are four points...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 31 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON SIMONY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider simony, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) What is simony? (2) Whether it is lawful to accept money for the sacraments? (3) Whether it is lawful to accept money for spiritual...
Qq. Question. 10.Of The Effect Of Confession : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the effect of confession: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether confession delivers one from the death of sin? (2) Whether confession delivers one in any...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 45 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S TRANSFIGURATION (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider Christ's transfiguration; and here there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was fitting that Christ should be transfigured? (2) Whether the clarity of the transfiguration w...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 3 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES) When the existence of a thing has been ascertained there remains the further question of the manner of its existence, in order that we may know its essence. Now, because we cannot know what God is, but...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO HAVE FAITH (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those who have faith: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there was faith in the angels, or in man, in their original state? (2) Whether the demons have...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DARING [*EXCESSIVE DARING OR FOOLHARDINESS] (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider daring; and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether daring is a sin? (2) Whether it is opposed to fortitude? Whether Daring Is A S...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DEBT OF PUNISHMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the debt of punishment. We shall consider (1) the debt itself; (2) mortal and venial sin, which differ in respect of the punishment due to them. Under the first head there are eight...
Treatise On The Last End. Question. 5 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the attainment of Happiness. Under this heading there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether man can attain Happiness? (2) Whether one man can be happier than another? (3)...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 72 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THANKFULNESS OR GRATITUDE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider thankfulness or gratitude, and ingratitude. Concerning thankfulness there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether thankfulness is a special virtue distinct from other virtues? (2)...
Qq. Question. 59.Of Disparity Of Worship : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DISPARITY OF WORSHIP AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider disparity of worship as an impediment to marriage. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether a believer can marry an unbeliever? (2)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF WILL (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider unity as regards the will; and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Divine will and the human are distinct in Christ? (2) Whether in Christ's human nature...
Treatise On The Resurrection. Question. 83 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE SUBTLETY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the subtlety of the bodies of the blessed. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether subtlety is a property of the glorified body? (2) Whether by...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 45 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF STUDIOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider studiousness and its opposite, curiosity. Concerning studiousness there are two points of inquiry: (1) What is the matter of studiousness? (2) Whether it is a part of temperance? Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 19 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF VICES OPPOSED TO PRUDENCE BY WAY OF RESEMBLANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider those vices opposed to prudence, which have a resemblance thereto. Under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether prudence of the flesh is...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRACE OF MIRACLES (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider the grace of miracles, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether there is a gratuitous grace of working miracles? (2) To whom is it becoming? Whether There Is...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF TEMPERANCE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE) We must now consider the parts of temperance: we shall consider these same parts (1) in general; (2) each of them in particular. Whether The Parts Of Temperance Are Rightly Assigned? OBJECTI...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSONS IN REFERENCE TO THE NOTIONAL ACTS (SIX ARTICLES) We now consider the persons in reference to the notional acts, concerning which six points of inquiry arise: (1) Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons? (2)...
Treatise On Law. Question. 107.Of The New : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NEW LAW AS COMPARED WITH THE OLD (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the New Law as compared with the Old: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the New Law is distinct from the Old Law? (2) Whether the New Law...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FRATERNAL CORRECTION (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider Fraternal Correction, under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether fraternal correction is an act of charity? (2) Whether it is a matter of precept? (3) Whether...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MORAL VIRTUE IN RELATION TO THE PASSIONS (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the difference of one moral virtue from another. And since those moral virtues which are about the passions, differ accordingly to the difference of passions, we...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE INJUSTICE OF A JUDGE, IN JUDGING (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those vices opposed to commutative justice, that consist in words injurious to our neighbors. We shall consider (1) those which are connected with judicial proceedings...
Qq. Question. 7.Of The Nature Of Confession : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NATURE OF CONFESSION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the nature of confession, under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether Augustine fittingly defines confession? (2) Whether confession is an act of virtue? (3)...
Qq. Question. 26.Of Those Who Can Grant Indulgences : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO CAN GRANT INDULGENCES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those who can grant indulgences: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether every parish priest can grant indulgences? (2) Whether a deacon or another...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 38 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRESUMPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider presumption, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) What is the object in which presumption trusts? (2) Whether presumption is a sin? (3) To what is it opposed? (4) From wh...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ANNUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We now have to consider the Blessed Virgin's Annunciation, concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it was befitting that announcement should be made to her of th...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE ORDERING OF THE BAD ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider the ordering of the bad angels; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether there are orders among the demons? (2) Whether among them there is precedence? (3)...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 6 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ORDER OF ASSUMPTION (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the order of the foregoing assumption, and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Son of God assumed flesh through the medium of the soul? (2) Whether He...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 72 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], CONFIRMATION (Q[72]) OF THE SACRAMENT OF CONFIRMATION (TWELVE ARTICLES) We have now to consider the Sacrament of Confirmation. Concerning this there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) Whether Confirmation is a sacrament? (2) Its matter; (3)...
Treatise On Man. Question. 80.Of The Appetitive : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE APPETITIVE POWERS IN GENERAL (TWO ARTICLES) Next we consider the appetitive powers, concerning which there are four heads of consideration: first, the appetitive powers in general; second, sensuality; third, the will; fourth...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 44 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TITHES (FOUR ARTICLES) Next we must consider tithes, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether men are bound by precept to pay tithes? (2) Of what things ought tithes to be paid? (3) To whom ought they to be paid? (4) Who...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THINGS IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES) Having considered the creation of things and their distinction, we now consider in the third place the government ther, and (1) the government of things in general; (2) in particular...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 76 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider the manner in which Christ exists in this sacrament; and under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the whole Christ is under this...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 2 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE OF UNION OF THE WORD INCARNATE (TWELVE ARTICLES) Now we must consider the mode of union of the Incarnate Word; and, first, the union itself; secondly, the Person assuming; thirdly, the nature assumed. Under the first head there are...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE SPEECH OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) We next consider the speech of the angels. Here there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether one angel speaks to another? (2) Whether the inferior speaks to the superior? (3) Whether an angel speaks...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 40 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TAKING THE DIVINE NAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF INVOKING IT BY MEANS OF PRAISE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the taking of the Divine name for the purpose of invoking it by prayer or praise. Of prayer we have already spoken (Q[83] )...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES) We must consider next the work of distinction in itself. First, the work of the first day; secondly, the work of the second day; thirdly the work of the third day. Under the first head there...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 68 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES) We have now to consider those who receive Baptism; concerning which there are twelve points of inquiry: (1) Whether all are bound to receive Baptism? (2) Whether a man can be saved without Baptism...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERFECTION OF THE CHILD CONCEIVED (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the perfection of the child conceived: and concerning this there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ was sanctified by grace in the first instant of His...
Qq. Question. 14.Of The Quality Of Satisfaction : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUALITY OF SATISFACTION (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the quality of satisfaction, under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether a man can satisfy for one sin without satisfying for another? (2) Whether if a m...
Treatise On Man. Question. 89.Of The Knowledge : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEPARATED SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the knowledge of the separated soul. Under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the soul separated from the body can understand? (2) Whether it...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INJUSTICE IN JUDGMENT ON THE PART OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the injustice which takes place in judgment on the part of counsel, and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether an advocate is bound...
Treatise On Man. Question. 82.Of The Will : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE WILL (FIVE ARTICLES) We next consider the will. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether the will desires something of necessity? (2) Whether it desires anything of necessity? (3) Whether it is a higher power th...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSE OF VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the cause of virtues; and under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether virtue is in us by nature? (2) Whether any virtue is caused in us by habituation? (3) Whether...
Qq. Question. 30.Of The Effect Of This Sacrament : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider the effect of this sacrament: under which head there are three points of inquiry: (1) Whether Extreme Unction avails for the remission of sins? (2) Whether bodily health is...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF DISCORD, WHICH IS CONTRARY TO PEACE (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the sins contrary to peace, and first we shall consider discord which is in the heart, secondly contention, which is on the lips, thirdly, those things which consist...
Treatise On Man. Question. 85.Of The Mode : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES) We come now to consider the mode and order of understanding. Under this head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether our intellect understands by abstracting the species...
Qq. Question. 33.Of The Repetition Of This : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE REPETITION OF THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the repetition of this sacrament: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated? (2) Whether it ought to be repeated...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GIFT OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES) We must next consider the gift corresponding to fortitude, and this is the gift of fortitude. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether fortitude is a gift? (2) Which among...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST LOVE (TWO ARTICLES) We now inquire concerning the name "Love," on which arise two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is the proper name of the Holy Ghost? (2) Whether the Father and the Son love each other by...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 60 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES) The next subject for our consideration is that act of the will which is love or dilection; because every act of the appetitive faculty comes of love. Under this heading there are five points...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 06 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DURATION OF VIRTUES AFTER THIS LIFE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the duration of virtues after this life, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the moral virtues remain after this life? (2) Whether...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 34 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the object of charity; which consideration will be twofold: (1) The things we ought to love out of charity: (2) The order in which they ought to be loved. Under the first head there...
Treatise On Grace. Question. 114.Of Merit : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MERIT (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider merit, which is the effect of cooperating grace; and under this head there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether a man can merit anything from God? (2) Whether without grace anyone can merit eternal...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSON OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES) We now consider the persons singly; and first, the Person of the Father, concerning Whom there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Father is the Principle? (2) Whether the person of the Father...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHASTITY (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider chastity: (1) The virtue itself of chastity: (2) virginity, which is a part of chastity: (3) lust, which is the contrary vice. Under the first head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VIRTUES, AS TO THEIR ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We come now to the consideration of habits specifically. And since habits, as we have said (Q[54], A), are divided into good and bad, we must speak in the first place of good habits, which are...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF INJUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider injustice, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether injustice is a special vice? (2) Whether it is proper to the unjust man to do unjust deeds? (3) Whether one can suffer...
Qq. Question. 62.Of The Impediment That Supervenes : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE IMPEDIMENT THAT SUPERVENES TO MARRIAGE AFTER ITS CONSUMMATION, NAMELY FORNICATION (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the impediment that supervenes upon marriage after its consummation, namely fornication, which is an impediment...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 09 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE DIVISION OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the division of prophecy, and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) The division of prophecy into its species; (2) Whether the more excellent prophecy is that which...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 48 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PRAYER (SEVENTEEN ARTICLES) We must now consider prayer, under which head there are seventeen points of inquiry: (1) Whether prayer is an act of the appetitive or of the cognitive power? (2) Whether it is fitting to pray to God? (3) Whether...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF ANGER, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider anger: and (1) anger in itself; (2) the cause of anger and its remedy; (3) the effect of anger. Under the first head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether anger is a special...
Qq. Question. 47.Of Compulsory And Conditional : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF COMPULSORY AND CONDITIONAL CONSENT (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider compulsory and conditional consent. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether compulsory consent is possible? (2) Whether a constant man can be...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 22 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRIESTHOOD OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the Priesthood of Christ; and under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is fitting that Christ should be a priest? (2) Of the victim offered by this priest;...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 14 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE GOOD ANGELS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We next consider the guardianship exercised by the good angels; and their warfare against the bad angels. Under the first head eight points of inquiry arise: (1) Whether men are guarded by...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 56 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PRECEPTS OF JUSTICE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the precepts of justice, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether the precepts of the decalogue are precepts of justice? (2) Of the first precept...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 87 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE REMISSION OF VENIAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the forgiveness of venial sins, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether venial sin can be forgiven without Penance? (2) Whether it can be forgiven without...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 60 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], WHAT IS A SACRAMENT? (EIGHT ARTICLES) After considering those things that concern the mystery of the incarnate Word, we must consider the sacraments of the Church which derive their efficacy from the Word incarnate Himself. First we shall...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 83 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE RITE OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES) We have now to consider the Rite of this sacrament, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ is sacrificed in the celebration of this mystery? (2) Of the time...
Qq. Question. 2.Of The Object Of Contrition : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OBJECT OF CONTRITION (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the object of contrition. Under this head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether a man should be contrite on account of his punishment? (2) Whether, on account of original...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 52 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the quasi-integral parts of justice, which are "to do good," and "to decline from evil," and the opposite vices. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE ACTION OF MAN (FOUR ARTICLES) We have next to consider those things which pertain to the action of man, who is composed of a created corporeal and spiritual nature. In the first place we shall consider that acti...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 38 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE BAPTISM OF JOHN (SIX ARTICLES) We now proceed to consider the baptism wherewith Christ was baptized. And since Christ was baptized with the baptism of John, we shall consider (1) the baptism of John in general; (2) the baptizing of Christ...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 64 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CAUSES OF THE SACRAMENTS (TEN ARTICLES) In the next place we have to consider the causes of the sacraments, both as to authorship and as to ministration. Concerning which there are ten points of inquiry: (1) Whether God alone works...
Treatise On The Last End. Question. 3.Wh : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], WHAT IS HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider (1) what happiness is, and (2) what things are required for it. Concerning the first there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether happiness is something uncreated? (2) If it be...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE) We must next consider the work of the fifth day. OBJECTION 1: It would seem that this work is not fittingly described. For the waters produce that which the power of water suffices to produce. But...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CHRIST AS CALLED THE MEDIATOR OF GOD AND MAN (TWO ARTICLES) We have now to consider how Christ is called the Mediator of God and man, and under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is proper to Christ to be the Medi...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 42 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE OBJECT OF FEAR (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the object of fear: under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether good or evil is the object of fear? (2) Whether evil of nature is the object of fear? (3) Whether...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 38 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MEANNESS* (TWO ARTICLES) [*"PARVIFICENTIA," OR DOING MEAN THINGS, JUST AS "MAGNIFICENTIA" IS DOING GREAT THINGS.] We must now consider the vices opposed to magnificence: under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether meanness...
Treatise On Man. Question. 100.Of The Conditi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS RIGHTEOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES) We now have to consider the condition of the offspring as to righteousness. Under this head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether men would have been born...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider in particular blasphemy against the Holy Ghost: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether blasphemy or the sin against the Holy Ghost is the same...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 12.How : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US (THIRTEEN ARTICLES) As hitherto we have considered God as He is in Himself, we now go on to consider in what manner He is in the knowledge of creatures; concerning which there are thirteen points of inquiry: (1) Whether...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 11 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], VICES OPPOSED TO DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (Q[63]) OF RESPECT OF PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to the aforesaid parts of justice. First we shall consider respect of persons which is opposed to distributive justice;...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 15 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES) Having premised what have appeared necessary notions concerning the processions and the relations, we must now approach the subject of the persons. First, we shall consider the persons absolutely, and then...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 26 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF FASTING (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider fasting: under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether fasting is an act of virtue? (2) Of what virtue is it the act? (3) Whether it is a matter of precept? (4) Whether anyone is...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 30 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PEACE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider Peace, under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether peace is the same as concord? (2) Whether all things desire peace? (3) Whether peace is an effect of charity? (4) Whether peace...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 02 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], EVIL HABITS, I.E. VICES AND SINS (QQ[71]-89) OF VICE AND SIN CONSIDERED IN THEMSELVES (SIX ARTICLES) We have in the next place to consider vice and sin: about which six points have to be considered: (1) Vice and sin considered in themselves; (2)...
Treatise On The Angels. Question. 64 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DEMONS (FOUR ARTICLES) It now remains as a sequel to deal with the punishment of the demons; under which heading there are four points of inquiry: (1) Of their darkness of intellect; (2) Of their obstinacy of will; (3)...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 18 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE LIFE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) Since to understand belongs to living beings, after considering the divine knowledge and intellect, we must consider the divine life. About this, four points of inquiry arise: (1) To whom does it belong to live...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 08 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONNECTION OF VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the connection of virtues: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether the moral virtues are connected with one another? (2) Whether the moral virtues can be...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SINS COMMITTED AGAINST JUSTICE ON THE PART OF THE DEFENDANT (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider those sins which are committed against justice on the part of the defendant. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is...
Qq. Question. 49.Of The Marriage Goods : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MARRIAGE GOODS* (SIX ARTICLES) [*"BONA MATRIMONII," VARIOUSLY RENDERED MARRIAGE GOODS, MARRIAGE BLESSINGS, AND ADVANTAGES OF MARRIAGE.] In the next place we must consider the marriage goods. Under this head there are six points of inquiry...
Qq. Question. 42.Of Matrimony As A Sacrament : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF MATRIMONY AS A SACRAMENT (FOUR ARTICLES) We must next consider matrimony as a sacrament. Under this head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether matrimony is a sacrament? (2) Whether it ought to have been instituted before sin w...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 16 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES) We now have to consider the various kinds of virtue: and (1) the intellectual virtues; (2) the moral virtues; (3) the theological virtues. Concerning the first there are six points of inquiry: (1)...
Treatise On The One God. Question. 5.Of Goodness : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF GOODNESS IN GENERAL (SIX ARTICLES) We next consider goodness: First, goodness in general. Secondly, the goodness of God. Under the first head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether goodness and being are the same really? (2) Granted...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 24 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SLOTH (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices opposed to the joy of charity. This joy is either about the Divine good, and then its contrary is sloth, or about our neighbor's good, and then its contrary is envy. Wherefore we must...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF TEMPERANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) In the next place we must consider temperance: (1) Temperance itself; (2) its parts; (3) its precepts. With regard to temperance we must consider (1) temperance itself; (2) the contrary vices. Under the first head...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 07 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE GRACE OF TONGUES (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider those gratuitous graces that pertain to speech, and (1) the grace of tongues; (2) the grace of the word of wisdom and knowledge. Under the first head there are two points of inquiry:...
Qq. Question. 1.Supplement. To The Third : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN PARTICULAR, AND FIRST OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES) We must now consider each single part of Penance, and (1) Contrition; (2) Confession; (3) Satisfaction. The consideration about Contrition will be fourfold: (1)...
Treatise On The Conservation And Government. Part 04 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CHANGE OF CREATURES BY GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES) We now consider the second effect of the Divine government, i.e. the change of creatures; and first, the change of creatures by God; secondly, the change of one creature by another. Under...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 46 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SACRIFICE (FOUR ARTICLES) In due sequence we must consider those acts whereby external things are offered to God. These give rise to a twofold consideration: (1) Of things given to God by the faithful; (2) Of vows, whereby something is...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 70 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF CIRCUMCISION (FOUR ARTICLES) We have now to consider things that are preparatory to Baptism: and (1) that which preceded Baptism, viz. Circumcision, (2) those which accompany Baptism, viz. Catechism and Exorcism. Concerning the first there...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 4 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE HUMAN NATURE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the union on the part of what was assumed. About which we must consider first what things were assumed by the Word of God; secondly, what were co-assumed...
Treatise On The Passions. Question. 48 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE EFFECTS OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the effects of anger: under which head there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether anger causes pleasure? (2) Whether above all it causes heat in the heart? (3) Whether above all it...
Treatise On The Work Of The Six Days. Questi. Part 10 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], THE WORK OF CREATION OF CORPOREAL CREATURES (FOUR ARTICLES) From the consideration of spiritual creatures we proceed to that of corporeal creatures, in the production of which, as Holy Scripture makes mention, three works are found, namely...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 89 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE RECOVERY OF VIRTUE BY MEANS OF PENANCE (SIX ARTICLES) We must now consider the recovery of virtues by means of Penance, under which head there are six points of inquiry: (1) Whether virtues are restored through Penance? (2) Whether they...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 58 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF "EPIKEIA" OR EQUITY (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider "epikeia," under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether "epikeia" is a virtue? (2) Whether it is a part of justice? Whether "epikeia" [*] Is A Virtue? OBJECTION 1: It...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 32 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE IN CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES) We shall now consider the active principle in Christ's conception: concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Holy Ghost was the active principle of Christ's...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE NEWLY BORN CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the manifestation of the newly born Christ: concerning which there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether Christ's birth should have been made known to all...
Qq. Question. 13.Of The Possibility Of Satisfacti : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SATISFACTION (TWO ARTICLES) We must now consider the possibility of satisfaction, under which head there are two points of inquiry: (1) Whether man can make satisfaction to God? (2) Whether one man can make satisfacti...
Treatise On The Cardinal Virtues. Questi. Part 42 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF OATHS (TEN ARTICLES) We must now consider those external acts of religion, whereby something Divine is taken by man: and this is either a sacrament or the Name of God. The place for treating of the taking of a sacrament will be in the Third...
Treatise On The Sacraments. Question. 74 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE MATTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) We have now to consider the matter of this sacrament: and first of all as to its species; secondly, the change of the bread and wine into the body of Christ; thirdly, the manner in which Christ's...
Treatise On The Incarnation. Question. 28 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE VIRGINITY OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES) We now have to consider the virginity of the Mother of God; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether she was a virgin in conceiving? (2) Whether she was a virgin in His...
Treatise On Fortitude And Temperance. Questi. Part 36 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PERSEVERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider perseverance and the vices opposed to it. Under the head of perseverance there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether perseverance is a virtue? (2) Whether it is a part of fortitude? (3)...
Treatise On The Most Holy Trinity. Questi. Part 05 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE PERSONS IN RELATION TO THE ESSENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES) Those things considered which belong to the divine persons absolutely, we next treat of what concerns the person in reference to the essence, to the properties, and to the notional acts;...
Treatise On The Theological Virtues. Questi. Part 20 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF SCHISM (FOUR ARTICLES) We must now consider the vices contrary to peace, which belong to deeds: such are schism, strife, sedition, and war. In the first place, then, about schism, there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether schism is...
Treatise On Habits In Particular Good Habits. Part 12 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the cardinal virtues: under which head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal or principal virtues? (2) Of their number; (3) Which...
Qq. Question. 65.Of Plurality Of Wives : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF PLURALITY OF WIVES (FIVE ARTICLES) We must now consider the plurality of wives. Under this head there are five points of inquiry: (1) Whether it is against the natural law to have several wives? (2) Whether this was ever lawful? (3) Whether...
Treatise On Gratuitous Graces. Questi. Part 03 : * "Summa Theologica", by St. Thomas Aquinas, [1947], OF THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES) We must now consider the contemplative life, under which head there are eight points of inquiry: (1) Whether the contemplative life pertains to the intellect only, or also to the affections? (2) Whether...
