Xii. Ming Thang Wei Or The Places : BOOK XII. MING THANG WEI OR THE PLACES IN THE HALL OF DISTINCTION. 1. Formerly, when the duke of Ku gave audience to the feudal princes in their several places. in the Hall of Distinction, the son of Heaven stood with his back to the axe-embroidered screen , and his face towards the south. 2...
Xxvii. Fang Ki Or Record Of The Dykes : BOOK XXVII. FANG K OR RECORD OF THE DYKES. 1. According to what the Masters said, the ways laid down by the superior men may be compared to dykes, the object of which is to conserve that in which the people may be deficient; and though they may be on a great scale, the people will yet pass over...
Xxvi. Khung Dze Hsien Ku Or Confucius : BOOK XXVI. KHUNG-DZE HSIEN KU OR CONFUCIUS AT HOME AT LEISURE. 1. Confucius being at home at leisure, with Dze-hsi by his side, the latter said, 'With reference to the lines in the Book of Poetry (III, ii, ode 8, 1), "The happy and courteous sovereign is the father and mother of the people;" I beg...
Xxxiii. Fu Wan Or Subjects For Questioning : BOOK XXXIII. F WAN OR SUBJECTS FOR QUESTIONING ABOUT THE MOURNING DRESS. 1. The Directory for Mourning says, 'There are cases in which parties wear deep mourning, while those, in consequence of their connexion with whom they assume it, wear only light.' Such is the mourning for her husband's mother...
Xl. Kwan I Or The Meaning Of The Ceremony : BOOK XL. KWAN OR THE MEANING OF THE CEREMONY OF CAPPING. 1. Generally speaking, that which makes man man is the meaning of his ceremonial usages. The first indications of that meaning appear in the correct arrangement of the bodily carriage, the harmonious adjustment of the countenance, ...
Xxxvii. Thau Hu Or The Game Of Pitch Pot : BOOK XXXVII. THU H OR THE GAME OF PITCH-POT. 1. According to the rules for Pitch-pot, the host carries the arrows in both his hands put together; the superintendent of the archery carries in the same way the stand on which the tallies were placed; and an attendant holds in his hand the pot. 2...
Xxxix. Ta Hsio Or The Great Learning : BOOK XXXIX. T HSIO OR THE GREAT LEARNING. 1. What the Great Learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue; to love the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm...
Xxiv. Ai Kung Wan Or Questions Of Duke Ai : BOOK XXIV. I KUNG WAN OR QUESTIONS OF DUKE I. 1. Duke i asked Confucius, saying, 'What do you say about the great rites? How is it that superior men, in speaking about them, ascribe so much honour to them?' Confucius said, 'I, Khi, am a small man, and unequal to a knowledge of the rites. By no...
Xv. Shao I Or Smaller Rules Of Demeanour : BOOK XV. SHO OR SMALLER RULES OF DEMEANOUR. 1. I have heard (the following things):-- When one wished to see for the first time another of character and position, his language was, so and so, earnestly wish my name to be reported to the officer of communication.' He could not go up the steps...
Xi. Yu Zao Or The Jade Bead Pendants : THE L K. A COLLECTION OF TREATISES ON THE RULES OF PROPRIETY OR CEREMONIAL USAGES. BOOK XI. Y ZO OR THE JADE-BEAD PENDANTS OF THE ROYAL CAP SECTION I. 1. The son of Heaven, when sacrificing, wore (the cap) with the twelve long pendants of beads of jade hanging down from its top before and behind...
Xvi. Hsio Ki Or Record On The Subject Of Education : BOOK XVI. HSIO K OR RECORD ON THE SUBJECT OF EDUCATION. 1. When a ruler is concerned that his measures should be in accordance with law, and seeks for the (assistance of the) good and upright, this is sufficient to secure him a considerable reputation, but not to move the multitudes. When he...
Xxxi. Pan Sang Or Rules On Hurrying To Mourning : BOOK XXXI. PAN SANG OR RULES ON HURRYING TO MOURNING RITES. 1. According to the rules for hurrying to attend the mourning rites, when one first heard that the mourning rites for a relative were going on, he wailed as he answered the messenger, and gave full vent to his sorrow. Having asked all...
Xlvi. Sang Fu Sze Kih Or The Four Principles : BOOK XLVI. SANG F SZE KIH OR THE FOUR PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE DRESS OF MOURNING. 1. All ceremonial usages looked at in their great characteristics are the embodiment of (the ideas suggested by) heaven and earth; take their laws from the (changes of the) four seasons; imitate the (operati...
Xliv. Yen I Or The Meaning Of The Banquet : BOOK XLIV. YEN OR THE MEANING OF THE BANQUET. 1. Anciently, among the officers of the kings of Ku, there was one called the sh-dze. He was charged with the care of the sons of the feudal lords, the high dignitaries who were the Great officers, and (other) officers,--the eldest sons who occupied...
Xvii. Yo Ki Or Record Of Music : BOOK XVII. YO K OR RECORD OF MUSIC SECTION I. 1. All the modulations of the voice arise from the mind, and the various affections of the mind are produced by things (external to it). The affections thus produced are manifested in the sounds that are uttered. Changes are produced by the way in which...
Xli. Hwan I Or The Meaning Of The Marriage : BOOK XLI. HWAN OR THE MEANING OF THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY. 1. The ceremony of marriage was intended to be a bond of love between two (families of different) surnames, with a view, in its retrospective character, to secure the services in the ancestral temple, and in its prospective character...
Xxxii. Wan Sang Or Questions About Mourning Rites : BOOK XXXII. WAN SANG OR QUESTIONS ABOUT MOURNING RITES 1. Immediately after his father's death, (the son put off his cap, and) kept his hair, with the pin in it, in the bag (of silk); went barefoot, with the skirt of his dress tucked up under his girdle; and wailed with his hands across his breast...
Xiv. Ta Kwan Or The Great Treatise : BOOK XIV. T KWAN OR THE GREAT TREATISE. According to the rules, only the king offered the united sacrifice to all ancestors. The chief place was then given to him from whom the founder of the line sprang, and that founder had the place of assessor to him. The sacrifices of the princes of states...
Xxxiv. Kien Kwan Or Treatise On Subsidiary : BOOK XXXIV. KIEN KWAN OR TREATISE ON SUBSIDIARY POINTS IN MOURNING USAGES. 1. What is the reason that the headband worn with the frayed sackcloth, for a father, must be made of the fibres of the female plant? Those fibres have an unpleasant appearance, and serve to show outwardly the internal...
Xliii. She I Or The Meaning Of The Ceremony : BOOK XLIII. SH OR THE MEANING OF THE CEREMONY OF ARCHERY. 1. Anciently it was the rule for the feudal lords, when they would practise archery, first to celebrate the ceremony of the Banquet, and for the Great officers and ordinary officers, when they would shoot, first to celebrate the ceremony...
Xx. Ki Fa Or The Law Of Sacrifices : BOOK XX. K F OR THE LAW OF SACRIFICES According to the law of sacrifices, (Shun), the sovereign of the line of Y, at the great associate sacrifice, gave the place of honour to Hwang T, and at the border sacrifice made Kh the correlate of Heaven; he sacrificed (also) to Kwan-hs as his ancest...
Xlv. Phing I Or The Meaning Of The Interchange : BOOK XLV. PHING OR THE MEANING OF THE INTERCHANGE OF MISSIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT COURTS. 1. According to the ceremonies in missions, a duke of the highest grade sent seven attendants with (his representative); a marquis or earl, five; and a count or baron, three. The difference in number served...
Xxii. Ki Thung Or A Summary Account Of Sacrifices : BOOK XXII. K THUNG OR A SUMMARY ACCOUNT OF SACRIFICES 1. Of all the methods for the good ordering of men, there is none more urgent than the use of ceremonies. Ceremonies are of five kinds, and there is none of them more important than sacrifices. Sacrifice is not a thing coming to a m...
Xxxv. San Nien Wan Or Questions : BOOK XXXV. SAN NIEN WAN OR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MOURNING FOR THREE YEARS. 1. What purposes do the mourning rites for three years serve? The different rules for the mourning rites were established in harmony with (men's) feelings. By means of them the differences in the social relations are set forth...
Xxiii. King Kieh Or The Different Teaching : BOOK XXIII. KING KIEH OR THE DIFFERENT TEACHING OF THE DIFFERENT KINGS. 1. Confucius said, 'When you enter any state you can know what subjects (its people) have been taught. If they show themselves men who are mild and gentle, sincere and good, they have been taught from the Book of Poetry. If...
Xxviii. Kung Yung Or The State Of Equilibrium : BOOK XXVIII. KUNG YUNG OR THE STATE OF EQUILIBRIUM AND HARMONY SECTION I. 1. What Heaven has conferred is called the Nature. An accordance with this nature is called the Path of Duty; the regulation of this path is called the System of Instruction. 2. The path should not be left for an instant; if...
Xxxvi. Shan I Or The Long Dress In One Piece : BOOK XXXVI. SHAN OR THE LONG DRESS IN ONE PIECE. 1. Anciently the long dress had definite measurements, so as to satisfy the requirements of the compass and square, the line, the balance, and the steelyard. It was not made so short as to show any of the skin, nor so long as to touch the ground...
Xxx. Dze I Or The Black Robes : BOOK XXX. SZE OR THE BLACK ROBES. 1. These were the words of the Master: 'When the superior is easily served, his inferiors are easily known, and in this case punishments are not numerous (in the state).' 2. The Master said, 'When (the superior) loves the worthy as (the people of old loved him of)...
Xix. Sang Ta Ki Or The Greater Record : BOOK XIX. SANG T K OR THE GREATER RECORD OF MOURNING RITES SECTION I. 1. When the illness was extreme, all about the establishment was swept clean, inside and out. In the case of a ruler or Great officer, the stands, with the martial instruments suspended from them, were removed; in th...
Xlii. Hsiang Yin Kiu I Or The Meaning : BOOK XLII. HSIANG YIN KI OR THE MEANING OF THE DRINKING FESTIVITY IN THE DISTRICTS. 1. The meaning of the drinking in the country districts may be thus described:--The president on the occasion bows to the (coming) guest as he receives him outside the college gate. They enter and thrice salute each...
Xxix. Piao Ki Or The Record On Example : BOOK XXIX. PIO K OR THE RECORD ON EXAMPLE 1. These were the words of the Master:--'Let us return.' The superior man, in obscurity, yet makes himself manifest; without giving himself any airs, his gravity is acknowledged; without the exercise of severity, he inspires awe; without using words, he is...
Xxv. Kung Ni Yen Ku Or Kung Ni At Home At Ease : BOOK XXV. KUNG-N YEN K OR KUNG-N AT HOME AT EASE. 1. Kung-n 'being at home at ease,' with Dze-kung, Dze-kung, and Yen Y by him, their conversation went on from general matters to the subject of ceremonies. 2. The Master said, 'Sit down, you three, and I will discourse to you about ceremonies, so...
Xxi. Ki I Or The Meaning Of Sacrifices : BOOK XXI. K OR THE MEANING OF SACRIFICES. SECTION I. 1. Sacrifices should not be frequently repeated. Such frequency is indicative of importunateness; and importunateness is inconsistent with reverence. Nor should they be at distant intervals. Such infrequency is indicative of indifference;...
Xviii. Za Ki Or Miscellaneous Records : BOOK XVIII. Z K OR MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. SECTION I. PART I. 1. When a feudal lord was on the march and died in his lodging, they called back his soul in the same way as in his state. If he died on the road, (one) got up on the nave of the left wheel of the chariot in which he had been riding...
Xiii. Sang Fu Hsiao Ki Or Record Of Smaller : BOOK XIII. SANG F HSIO K OR RECORD OF SMALLER MATTERS IN THE DRESS OF MOURNING. SECTION I. 1. When wearing the unhemmed sackcloth (for a father), (the son) tied up his hair with a hempen (band), and also when wearing it for a mother. When he exchanged this band for the cincture (in the case...
Xxxviii. Zu Hsing Or The Conduct Of The Scholar : BOOK XXXVIII. Z HSING OR THE CONDUCT OF THE SCHOLAR. 1. Duke i of Lift asked Confucius, saying, 'Is not the dress, Master, which you wear that of the scholar?' Confucius replied, 'When I was little, I lived in L, and wore the garment with large sleeves; when I was grown up, I lived in Sung, and w...
