Untitled : This is a translation of Tractate Berakoth, a portion of the Mishna which deals with prayer: specifically when, where and how to pray. It includes the Mishna and the Tosephta commentary. This translation was produced by a Christian scholar in the early 20th century. While Williams is not hesitant...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Order Of The Benedictions Over Wine And Food: When "Amen" May Not Be Said. 9 (8). Suppose that wine comes to them after the food, and there is there only that [one] cup, 4 the School of Shammai say: One says the Benediction over...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 9. A Bridegroom : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], A Bridegroom And The Shma' (continued). 9 (8). If a bridegroom wishes to recite the Shma' the first night he may recite it. Rabban Simeon ben Gamaliel 4 says: Not every one who wishes to make a name for himself, makes it. 5 FOOTNOTES 21:4...
Indices. I. The Names Of Rabbis : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 91 INDICES I.--THE NAMES OF RABBIS MENTIONED, WITH THE APPROXIMATE DATES WHEN THEY FLOURISHED ABBA SAUL, "c". 130-160 A.D., 36 Achai, "c". 200 A.D., 15 Aqiba, "c". B.C. 132 A.D., 5, 25, 29, 36, 39, 52, 54, 57, 63 Ben Azzai, or Simeon ben...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 6 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], ON PRAYING WHEN ENTERING AND WHEN LEAVING A TOWN. M.IX. 6 (4). He that enters into a town prays two prayers--one on his entrance, and one on his exit. 4 Ben Azzai 5 says: Four, two on his entrance, and two on his exit. And one gives praise...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix 2 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 76 At Various Natural Phenomena, And At Good Or Bad Tidings. "M". IX. 2. At 1 shooting stars, 2 and at earthquakes, and at lightnings, and at thunder, and at wind(s), one says: "Blessed be He whose power filleth the world." At mountains...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 7 8. Gamaliel : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Gamaliel: Other Incidents Of His Infraction Of Traditional Teaching. M.II. 7 (6). He bathed the first night after the death of his wife. They said to him: Didst thou not teach us, that a mourner is forbidden to bathe? p. 21 [paragraph...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vii. Part 04 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Who May Be Invited To Partake In The Benediction Alter Meals. . M.VII. 1. Three persons who have eaten together are bound to give an invitation. 1 But [in the case of him who eats] "Dmai" 2 and First Tithes from which their Contribution h...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vi. 5 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On One Benediction Exempting Another. M.VI. 5. If a man has said the Benediction over the wine that comes before the meal he lets the wine that is after the meal go free. 3 If he has said the Benediction over the "hors d'uvre" that is...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. I. 1 3. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 1 BERAKOTH (BENEDICTIONS) I. ON RECITING THE SHMA'. The Time Of Reciting The Shma' In The Evening. M.I. 1. AT what time does one begin to recite 1. the Shma' 2 in the evening? 3 At the hour that the priests enter (the Temple precincts)...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 3 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Other Occasions. M.. IX. 3. If a man has built a new house, or bought new tools, 3 he says: "Blessed be He who has allowed us to reach this time." 4 FOOTNOTES 78:3 "tools". The word includes vessels and implements of all kinds. 78:4 h...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 7 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Saying A Benediction For Evil: Deut. 65 Expounded. M.IX. 7 (5a). A man is under "obligation to say a Benediction for evil just as he does for good. For it is said: "And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all Mine heart, and with all...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vi. 1 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], III.--BENEDICTIONS AT, AND ESPECIALLY AFTER, MEALS, AND ON VARIOUS OCCASIONS. The Proper Forms For The Different Foods. M.VI. 1. What is the form of the Benediction over fruits? 4 Over the fruits of trees a man says: "Thou that createst...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 1. T. Ii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Reciting The Shma' With Intention, And On Saluting Between The Sections. "M". II. 1. If one is reading 7 [the Shma'] in the Law and the time has come for reciting it, then if he reads with intention he has fulfilled the obligation [of...
Introduction. 4. The Authorities : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. xvii 4. THE AUTHORITIES FOR THE TEXT IN EACH CASE THE MISHNA C. The present translation has been made from the edition published by W. H. Lowe: "The Mishnah on which the Palestinian Talmud Rests", Cambridge, 1883, a reproducti...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Iii. 4 6. T : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Shma', Etc., In Cases Of Sexual Uncleanness. 4. He who is ceremonially unclean 2 repeats the Shma' in his heart only, and does not say a Benediction either before it or after it. But at a meal he says the Benediction after but not...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. I. 4. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 4 The Time Of Reciting The Shma' In The Morning. M.I. 4 (2). At what time does one begin to recite the Shma' in the mornings? As soon as one can distinguish between blue and white. 1 R. Eliezer says: Between blue and leek-green, 2...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 1 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], BENEDICTIONS ON VARIOUS OCCASIONS. Benedictions At Scenes Of Miracles, Or Of Past Idolatry. M.IX. I. He who sees a place in which miracles were wrought for Israel 5 says: "Blessed be He who wrought miracles for our fathers in this place."...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vii. Part 03 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Words Of The Invitation Depend On The Number Present. M.VII. 4 (3). How is the invitation worded? 1 In the case of three persons they say: "Let us bless." 2 If there are three besides the speaker, he says: "Blessed be He." 3 If there...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 04 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 70 The Wording Of The Benediction Over The Lamp. M.VIII. 6 (5 "continued"). The School of Shammai say: "He who created the lamp 1 of fire." The School of Hillel say: "Creator of the lamps of fire." 2 FOOTNOTES 70:1 "the lamp". The word...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. T. V. 1 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Entrance On The Sabbath, The Meal, And The Benedictions. T. V. 1. A man does not eat on the eve of the sabbath from the afternoon 5 and onwards, so that he may enter on the sabbath with desire. These are the words of R. Judah. R. Jose...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 1 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], II.--PRAYER, ESPECIALLY THE PRAYER "PAR EXCELLENCE" (THE "EIGHTEEN BENEDICTIONS"). The Three Times Of Prayer. M.IV. 1. THE Morning Prayer [may be said] until midday. R. Judah says [only] till the fourth hour. 2 The Afternoon Prayer until...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. I. 8. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 10 The Going Forth From Egypt. M. I. 8 (5). We make mention at night of the going forth from Egypt. 1 R. Lazar 2 ben Azariah said: Lo, I was about seventy years old, and I had not the merit of [understanding why] the Going forth...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 5 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Prayer When Riding On An Ass. M.IV. 5. Should one be riding on an ass let him dismount. If he cannot dismount let him turn his face. 2 And if he cannot turn his face let him direct his intention towards the most Holy Sanctuary. T. III. 18...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 8C : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Salutations In The Name. M.IX. 8"c" (5"d"). And they ordered that a man should salute his companion in the Name. 3 For it is said: "And, behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and said to the reapers: The LORD be with you, and they said to him:...
Indices. Ii. General : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 92 INDICES II.--GENERAL Abram and Abraham, 12 Abstract of the Eighteen, the, 30 Additional Prayers, the, 28; when said, 33 Afternoon Prayer, the, 28 Amen, when not said, 72; not answered in Temple, 87 Ark, go down in front of, 19; he...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 08 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Order Of Washing Hands, And Mixing The Cup. M.VIII. 2. The School of Shammai say: Men wash their hands 4 and afterwards mix the cup. And the School of Hillel say: Men mix the cup and afterwards wash their hands. 5 T. VI. 2. The School...
Introduction. 5. Bibliographical : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. xviii 5. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL "Translations" MISHNA Surenhusius, Amsterdam, 1698. Text and Latin Version with useful notes. Rabe, J. J., Onolzbach, 1760. The whole Mishna translated into German, with introductions and notes. Rabe, J. J...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 06 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Wiping One's Hands. M.VIII. 4 (3). The School of Shammai say: One "M". wipes his hands 3 with a napkin, and lays it on the table; 4 and the School of Hillel say: On the cushion. 5 p. 68 T.T. VI. 3. The School of Shammai say: One wipes...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. V. 2. T : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Mention Of, And The Petition For, Rain, Also The Habdalah, In The Prayer. M.V. 2. They make mention of 3 the powers of the M. rains 4 in the [Benediction of] the resurrection of the dead, 5 and they ask for rains in the Benedicti...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. V. 1. T : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Posture And Attention In Prayer. M.V. 1. Men stand 4 not to pray save with solemnity. 5 The pious of former time used to wait for one hour and then pray, so that they might direct their intention upon God. 6 Should the King 7 salute him...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 3 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], THE EIGHTEEN PRAYERS AND THEIR ABSTRACT. 3. Rabban Gamaliel used to say: a man prays the Eighteen [Benedictions] every day. R. Joshua used to say the abstract 6 of the Eighteen. R. Joshua 7 used to say: If his Prayer p. 31 is fluent 1...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 7 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Additional Prayers--Whether To Be Said Only In A Congregation. M.IV. 7. R. Eleazar ben Azariah used to say: The Additional Prayers are said only in the local congregation. 5 But the Teacher 6 says: Both in a local congregation and where...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. I. 5 6. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Posture In Reciting The Shma'. M.I. 5 (3): The School of Shammai 4 say: In the evening all should turn on their side, 5 and so recite, and in the morning stand, for it is said: "and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up"." 6 But...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 02 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 72 If The Benediction After A Meal Has Been Forgotten. M.VIII. 8 (7). In the case of him who has eaten, and has forgotten, and not said the Benediction--the School of Shammai say: Let him return to his place 1 and say it. The School...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 6. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], A BRIDEGROOM AND THE SHMA'. GAMALIEL. M.II. 6 (5 "cont".). A bridegroom is exempt from reciting the Shma' on the first night, and until the Sabbath is over, if he has not consummated the marriage. 7 [Connected with this is] an incident...
Indices. Iii. Scripture References : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 94 Note: in this file, the citations have been given using the chapter:verse format rather than the exponential notation used the original book, in the interest of readability.--JBH III.--HOLY SCRIPTURE, AND OTHER EARLY LITERATURE PAGE...
Introduction. 3. The Relation Of The Mishn : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], 3. THE RELATION OF THE MISHNA AND THE TOSEPHTA The relation of the two documents here translated, the "Berakoth" of the Mishna and the Berakoth of the "Tosephta" (properly "Tosephatha", "Additions") is part of the larger and more difficult...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 2 3 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Sections Of The Shma' And Their Order. M.II. 2. This is what is meant by "between the sections," viz.: between the first Benediction and the second; between the second and the Shma'; 3 between the Shma' and, "And it shall come to pass...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 03 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Parenthesis: When The Benediction Must Not Be Said. 7 (6). They do not say a Benediction over the lamp nor over the spices that belong to heathen; 3 nor over the lamp nor over the spices that are for the dead; 4 not over the lamp nor over...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Companies Joining For The Benediction At The End Of A Meal. The Benediction Over Wine--Whether Water Should Be Added First. M.VII. 8 (5). If there are two companies that are eating in one house when some of them [can] see the others...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 4. T. Ii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], On Reciting The Shma' Inaudibly Or Irregularly. 4. (3). He who recites the Shma' not loud enough for himself to hear has fulfilled his obligation. R. Jose 4 says he has not. If he has recited without expressing the letters exactly, R. Jose...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 6 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Prayer On A Ship Or On A Raft. M.IV. 6. Should one be sitting in a ship, or on a raft, 3 let him direct his intention towards the most Holy Sanctuary. p. 33 B.T. III. 19. If a man wakes up early to go on a journey, behold, he takes...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 2 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 30 Parenthesis: A Rabbi's Prayers On Entering And Leaving His "School." M.IV. 2. R. Nechuniah ben ha-Qanah 1 used to pray on his entering the School, 2 and on his going out, a short prayer. They said to him, What is the nature 3 of this...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. V. 3 4 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Three Examples Of Benedictions At Wrong Times. On Mistakes Made By The Leader. M.V. 3. He that saith: "Over a bird's nest 3 do Thy mercies extend," and "For good let Thy name be remembered," 4 and "We praise, we praise," 5 must be stopped...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 07 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Tidying The Room. M.VII I. 3 (4). The School of Shammai say: They tidy the room and afterwards wash their hands. But the School of Hillel say: They wash their hands and afterwards tidy the room. 2 T. VI. 4. The School of Shammai say: They...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. V. 5 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], ON MISTAKES ("CONTINUED"). R. CHANINA'S KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECT OF HIS PRAYERS. 5. He who is praying and makes a mistake--it is a bad omen for him. And if he is the representative of the congregation 4 it is a bad omen for those that bid...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. T. Iii. 22 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], ADDITIONAL MATTER IN T. Reverence In Writing The Name. T. III. 22. He who is writing the name [of the LORD] may not return a man's salutation even if it be that of a king. If he is writing five or six such names, when he has finished one...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 8B : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Closing Words Of The Benedictions. M.IX. 8"b" (5"c"). All the "seals" 9 of the Benedictions which were in the Temple were ["i.e." were closed p. 87 M.with] "from ever." 1 (But) from the time that the Heretics 2 spoiled things, and said...
Ii. The Eighteen Benedictions. M. Iv. 4 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Prayer Not To Be Mechanical: Prayer When In Danger. 4. R. Eliezer used to say: He that maketh his prayer a fixed portion 3--his prayer is not true supplication. R. Joshua used to say: He that travelleth in a dangerous place prays...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 05 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Order Of The Benedictions About Various Objects At The End Of Sabbath. M.VIII. 5. The School of Shammai say: Lamp and food and spices 5 and "Habdalah". 6 But the p. 69 M.[paragraph continues] School of Hillel say: Lamp and spices...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Iii. 2. T. Ii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], After The Burial. 2. When they have buried the dead person and have returned, then if they are able to begin and to finish, 3 before they reach the line [of mourners] 4 let them begin. But if they cannot, let them not begin. They who are...
Editor's Preface : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. v EDITORS' PREFACE THE object of this series of translations is primarily to furnish students with short, cheap, and handy text--books, which, it is hoped, will facilitate the study of the particular texts in class under competent...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. I. 7. T. I : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], THE BENEDICTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE SHMA'. M.I. 7 (4). At dawn one says two Benedictions 2 "M". before the Shma', and one after it; 3 [[In the evening one says two Benedictions before it and one after it]]. 4 In the evening two before it 5...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Viii. Part 09 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 65 POINTS IN DISPUTE BETWEEN THE SCHOOLS OF SHAMMAI AND HILLEL: THE ORDER OF THE BENEDICTIONS. M.VIII. I. The following are the points of difference between the School of Shammai and the School of Hillel 1 in the case of a meal...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Iii. 1 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Recitation Of The Shma' If A Relation Is Dead, And At The Burial. III. 1. He whose dead lieth before him 6 is exempt from the recitation of the Shma', 7 and from the Phylacteries. 7 In the case of those who p. 22 M.carry the bier...
Introduction. 1. The Nature Of The Tractate : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. vii INTRODUCTION 1. THE NATURE OF THE TRACTATE IN GENERAL PRIMITIVE religion, as we know it, consisted almost entirely of ceremonial, the deeper issues, which affect the soul and spirit, being only gradually evolved. This ceremonial...
Title Page : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. i TRANSLATIONS OF EARLY DOCUMENTS SERIES III RABBINIC TEXTS GENERAL EDITORS: W. O. E. OESTERLEY, "M".A., D.D. G. H. BOX, "M".A., D.D. TRACTATE BERAKOTH p. iii TRACTATE BERAKOTH (BENEDICTIONS) MISHNA AND TOSEPHTA TRANSLATED...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 8 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Against Irreverence For The Temple. 8"a" (5"b"). A man must not behave irreverently when opposite the eastern gate, 6 for it is set opposite the Most Holy Sanctuary. He must not enter the Temple area with his staff, and his p. 86 M.shoe(s)...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vii. Part 02 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Companies, How To Be Divided. 7. (4 "cont".). Three who have eaten together are not allowed to separate. 6 So also with four or p. 64 M.five. If there are six they may be divided, and so up to ten. 1 But not ten until there be twenty. T. V...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Ix. 4 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Parenthesis:--Prayers In Vain. 4. (3 "cont".). One utters over evil the abstract for good, and over good the abstract 5 for evil 6 He that calleth out for what is already past--lo, this is a prayer in vain. 5. (3 "cont".). How so? If his...
Iii. Benedictions At Meals, Etc. M. Vi. 6 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], p. 48 Various Regulations Respecting Benedictions At Meals. M.6. If men are already seated 1 each says the Benediction for himself. If they have reclined [on their couches to eat] one says it for them all. 2 If wine comes to them...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Iii. 3 : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], The Case Of Women, Slaves, And Children. M.III. 3. Women, slaves, and little children are exempt from the recitation of the Shma', and from the Phylacteries, but are under obligation in the case of the Prayer, and the Mezuzah...
Introduction. 2. Its Relation To The Teaching : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], 2. ITS RELATION TO THE TEACHING OF THE NEW TESTAMENT The value of the Mishna then is to be found chiefly in two directions. It throws light upon the history of Judaism as it is to-day, presenting a very definite advance upon the religi...
I. On Reciting The Shma'. M. Ii. 5. T. Ii : * "Tractate Berakoth", by , by A. Lukyn Williams, [1921], Where Workmen May Recite The Shma'. II. 5 (4). Workmen may recite [the Shma'] on the top of a tree, or on the top of a scaffold, although they are not free to do so in the Prayer. 4 T. II. 8. Labourers recite the Shma' if they are...
