Viii. Costume Of The Hula Dancer : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 49 VIII.--COSTUME OF THE HULA DANCER The costume of the hula dancer was much the same for both sexes, its chief article a simple short skirt about the waist, the pa-. (Pl. I.) When the time has come for a dance, the halau...
X. The Hula Pa 'ipu, Or Ku'olo : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 73 PLATE VII IPU HULA, GOURD DRUM X.--THE HULA PA-PU, OR KULO The "pa-pu", called also the "kulo", was a hula of dignified character, in which all the performers maintained the kneeling position and accompanied their songs...
Iii. The Gods Of The Hula : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 23 III.--THE GODS OF THE HULA Of what nature were the gods of the old times, and how did the ancient Hawaiians conceive of them? As of beings having the form, the powers, and the passions of humanity, yet standing above...
Xi. The Hula Ki'i : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 91 PLATE VIII MAILE PAKAHA NIHI-AU-MOE MARIONETTES XI.--THE HULA KI'I I was not a little surprised when I learned that the ancient hula repertory of the Hawaiians included a performance with marionettes, "ki'i", dressed up...
Glossary : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 264 p. 265 GLOSSARY The study of Hawaiian pronunciation is mainly a study of vowel sounds and of accent. Each written vowel represents at least two related sounds. A ("ah") has the Italian sound found in father, as in h"a"-le...
Xv. The Hula Ka Laau : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 116 XV.--THE HULA KA-LAAU The hula "ka-laau" ("ka", to strike; "laau", wood) was named from the instruments of wood used in producing the accompaniment, a sort of xylophone, in which one piece of resonant wood was struck...
Xxi. The Music And Musical Instruments : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 138 XXI.--THE MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE HAWAIIANS A bird is easier captured than the notes of a song. The "mele" and "oli" of Hawaii's olden time have been preserved for us; but the music to which they were chanted...
Xiii. The Hula 'uli Ul'i : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 107 PLATE XI ULI-ULI, A GOURD RATTLE XIII.--THE HULA LI-UL The hula "li-ul" was so called from the rattle which was its sole instrument of accompaniment. This consisted of a small gourd about, the size of a large orange...
Introduction : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 7 INTRODUCTION This book is for the greater part a collection of Hawaiian songs and poetic pieces that have done service from time immemorial as the stock supply of the "hula". The descriptive portions have been added, not...
Prefatory Note : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], PREFATORY NOTE Previous to the year 1906 the researches of the Bureau were restricted to the American Indians, but by act of Congress approved June 30 of that year the scope of its operations was extended to include the natives...
Xxiv. The Hula Pele : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 186 XXIV.--THE HULA PELE The Hawaiian drama could lay hold of no worthier theme than that offered by the story of Pele. In this epic we find the natural and the supernatural, the everyday events of nature and the sublime...
Vii. Worship At The Altar Of The Halau : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 42 VII.--WORSHIP AT THE ALTAR OF THE HALAU The first duty of a visitor on being admitted to the halau while the tabu was on--that is, during the conduct of a regular hula--was to do reverence at the kuahu. The obligations...
Xx. The Hula Ohe : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 135 PLATE XV WOMAN PLAYING ON THE NOSE FLUTE (OHE-HANO-IHU) XX.--THE HULA OHE The action of the hula "ohe" had some resemblance to one of the figures of the Virginia reel. The dancers, ranged in two parallel rows, moved...
Xvi. The Hula 'ili 'ili : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 120 XVI.--THE HULA LI-LI The hula "li-li", pebble-dance, was a performance of the classical times, in which, according to one who has witnessed it, the olapa alone took part. The dancers held in each hand a couple of pebbles...
V. Ceremonies Of Graduation. D'ebut : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 31 V.--CEREMONIES OF GRADUATION; DBUT OF A HULA DANCER CEREMONIES OF GRADUATION The "ai-lolo" rite and ceremony marked the consummation of a pupil's readiness for graduation from the school of the halau and his formal entrance...
Title Page : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], FEMALE DANCING IN HULA COSTUME UNWRITTEN LITERATURE OF HAWAII The Sacred Songs Of The Hula Collected And Translated, With Notes And An Account Of The Hula BY NATHANIEL B. EMERSON, A.M., M.D. Smithsonian Institution Bullet...
Illustrations And Musical Pieces : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 6 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE I. Female dancing in hula costume Frontispiece II. e-e (Freycinetia arnotti) leaves and fruit 19 III. Hla-ppe (Drsena aurea) 24 IV Maile (Alyxia myrtillifolia) wreath 32 V. Ti (Dracria terminalis) 44...
Xxx. The Hula Kolea : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 219 XXX.--THE HULA KOLEA There was a peculiar class of hulas named after animals, in each one of which the song-maker developed some characteristic of the animal in a fanciful way, while the actors themselves aimed to portray...
Vi. The Password The Song Of Admission : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 38 VI.--THE PASSWORD--THE SONG OF ADMISSION There prevailed among the practitioners of the hula from one end of the group to the other a mutual understanding, amounting almost to a sort of freemasonry, which gave to any member...
Ix. The Hula Ala'a Papa : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 57 IX.--THE HULA ALA'A-PAPA Every formal hula was regarded by the people of the olden time as a sacred and religious performance ("tabu"); but all hulas were not held to be of equal dignity and rank ("hanohano"). Among those...
Xxxiii. The Hula Pua'a : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 228 XXXIII.--THE HULA PUA'A The hula "pua'a" rounds out the number of animal-dances that have survived the wreck of time, or the memory of which has come down to us. It was a dance in which only the olapa took part without...
Xli. The Water Of Kane : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 257 XLI.--THE WATER OF KANE If one were asked what, to the English-speaking mind, constitutes the most representative romantico-mystical aspiration that has been embodied in song and story, doubtless he would be compelled...
Xxxi. The Hula Man'o : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 221 XXXI.--THE HULA MAN The hula "man", shark-dance, as its name signifies, was a performance that takes class with the hula kolea, already mentioned, as one of the animal dances. But little can be said about the physical...
Xxix. The Hula Kolani : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 216 XXIX.--THE HULA KOLANI For the purpose of this book the rating of any variety of hula must depend not so much on the grace and rhythm of its action on the stage as on the imaginative power and dignity of its poetry. Judged...
I. The Hula : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 11 UNWRITTEN LITERATURE OF HAWAII BY NATHANIEL B. EMERSON I.--THE HULA One turns from the study of old genealogies, myths, and traditions of the Hawaiians with a hungry despair at finding in them means so small for picturing...
Xxxv. The Hula Kilu : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], PLATE XXIII HINANO HALA MALE FLOWER OF THE PANDANUS ODORATISSIMUS p. 235 XXXV.--THE HULA KILU The hula "kilu" was so called from being used in a sport bearing that name which was much patronized by the alii class of the ancient...
Xxxviii. The Hula O Niu : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 248 XXXVIII.--THE HULA O-NIU The so-called hula "o-niu" is not to be classed with the regular dances of the halau. It was rather a popular sport, in which men and women capered about in an informal dance while the players...
Xxvi. The Hula Ku'i Molokai : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 207 XXVI.--THE HULA KU'I MOLOKAI The hula "ku'i Molokai" was a variety of the Hawaiian dance that originated on the island of Molokai, probably at a later period than what one would call the classic times. Its performance...
Xxxix. The Hula Ku'i : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 250 XXXIX.--THE HULA KU'I The account of the Hawaiian hulas would be incomplete if without mention of the hula "ku'i". This was an invention, or introduction, of the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Its formal, public...
Xxviii. The Hula M'u'u M'u'u : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 212 XXVIII.--THE HULA M'U-M'U The conception of this peculiar hula originated from a pathetic incident narrated in the story of Hiiaka's journey to bring Prince Lohiau to the court of Pele. Hiiaka, standing with her friend...
Iv. Support And Organization Of The Hula : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 26 IV.--SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE HULA In ancient times the hula to a large extent was a creature of royal support, and for good reason. The actors in this institution were not producers of life's necessaries...
Ii. The Halau. The Kuahu Their Decorati : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 14 II.--THE HALAU; THE KUAHU--THEIR DECORATION AND CONSECRATION THE HALAU In building a halau, or hall, in which to perform the hula a Hawaiian of the old, old time was making a temple for his god. In later and degenerate ages...
Xxxiv. The Hula Ohelo : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 233 XXXIV.--THE HULA OHELO The hula ohelo was a very peculiar ancient dance, in which the actors, of both sexes, took a position almost that of reclining, the body supported horizontally by means of the hand and extended leg...
Xix. The Hula Niau Kani : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 132 XIX.--THE HULA NIAU-KANI The hula "niau-kani" was one of the classic dances of the halau, and took its name from the musical instrument that was its accompaniment. This was a simple, almost extemporaneous, contrivance...
Xviii. An Intermission : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 126 XVIII. AN INTERMISSION During the performance of a hula the halau and all the people there assembled are under a tabu, the imposition of which was accomplished by the opening prayer that had been offered before the altar...
Xxvii. The Hula Kiel'ei : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 210 XXVII.--THE HULA KIELI The hula "k-e-li", or "k-le-li", was a performance of Hawaii's classic times. and finds mention as such in the professedly imperfect list of hulas given by the historian David Malo. a It was marked...
Xxxii. The Hula Il'io : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 223 XXXII.--THE HULA ILO The dog took his part and played his enthusiastic role in the domestic life of every Hawaiian. He did not starve in a fool's paradise, a neglected object of man's superstitious regard...
Xxv. The Hula Pa'i Umauma : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 202 XXV.--THE HULA PA'I-UMAUMA The hula "pa'i-umauma"--chest-beating hula--called also hula "Palni", a was an energetic dance, in which the actors, who were also the singers, maintained a kneeling position, with the buttocks...
Xl. The Oli : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 254 XL.--THE OLI The Hawaiian word "mele" included all forms of poetical composition. The fact that the mele, in whatever form, was intended for cantillation, or some sort of rhythmical utterance addressed to the ear, h...
Xxiii. The Hula Pa Hua : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 183 XXIII.--THE HULA PA-HUA The hula "pa-hua" was a dance of the classical times that has long been obsolete. Its last exhibition, so far as ascertained, was in the year 1846, on the island of Oahu. In this performance both...
Xiv. The Hula Pu'ili : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 113 XIV.--THE HULA PULI The character of a hula was determined to some extent by the nature of the musical instrument that was its accompaniment. In the "hula puli" it certainly seems as if one could discern the influence...
Xvii. The Hula K'a 'eke 'eke : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 122 XVII.--THE HULA K-KE-KE The "kaekeeke" was a formal hula worthy of high consideration. Some authorities assert that the performers in this dance were chosen from the hoopaa alone, who, it will be remembered, maintained...
Xxxvi. The Hula Hoo Na N'a : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 244 XXXVI.--THE HULA HOO-NA-N The hula "hoo-na-n"--to quiet, amuse--was an informal dance, such as was performed without the usual restrictions of tabu that hedged about the set dances of the halau. The occasion of an outdo...
Xxii. Gesture : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 176 XXII.--GESTURE Gesture is a voiceless speech, a short-hand dramatic picture. The Hawaiians were adepts in this sort of art. Hand and foot, face and eye, and those convolutions of gray matter which are linked to the organs...
Xii. The Hula Pahu : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 103 PLATE X PAHU HULA, HULA DRUM XII.--THE HULA PAHU The hula "pahu" was so named from the "pahu", a or drum, that was its chief instrument of musical accompaniment (pl. X). It is not often that the story of an institution c...
Xlii. General Review : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 260 XLII.--GENERAL REVIEW In this preliminary excursion into the wilderness of Hawaiian literature we have covered but a small part of the field; we have reached no definite boundaries; followed no stream to its fountain head;...
Xxxvii. The Hula Ulili : * "Unwritten Literature of Hawaii", by Nathaniel B. Emerson, [1909], p. 246 XXXVII.--THE HULA ULILI The hula "ulili", also called by the descriptive name "kolili"--to wave or flutter, as a pennant--was a hula that was not at all times confined to the tabu restrictions of the halau. Like a truant...
