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Notes. Chapter Ii

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"Jewish Magic and Superstition", by Joshua Trachtenberg, [1939],

p. 273

Chapter Ii

The Truth Behind The Legend

1.
On Biblical magic see J. G. Frazer, "Folk-Lore in the Old Testament", 3 vols., London 1918; T. W. Davies, "Magic, Divination and Demonology Among the Hebrews and Their Neighbors", London 1898; B. Jacob, "Im Namen Gottes", Berlin 1903; A. Jirku, "Materialien zur Volksreligion Israels", Leipzig 1914; on Talmudic magic see L. Blau, "Das altjdische Zauberwesen", Budapest 1888; D. Joel, "Der Aberglaube und die Stellung des Judenthums zu demselben", Breslau 1881-3 (Part I devotes some space to the Biblical period); G. Brecher, "Das Transcendentale, Magie und magische Heilarten im Talmud", Vienna 1850. Very little has been written on the magic of the Geonic period. See Joel's book, Part II, and J. A. Montgomery, "Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur", Phila. 1913; J. Wohlstein, "Dmonenbeschwrungen aus nachtalmudischer Zeit", Berlin 1894; M. Gaster, "The Sword of Moses", London 1886; Cyrus H. Gordon, "Aramaic Magical Bowls in the Istanbul and Baghdad Museums, Archiv Orientln", VI (Praha 1934), 319-34.

2. S.
as. 43, 1136, 1137, 1444; \"ochmat HaNefesh", 12d; "Hadar Zekenim" on Ex. 22:17; Moses Taku, "Oar Nemad", Iii, 61; cf. Grimm, Ii, 546. Gaster, "Maaseh Book", II, 576 ff., has a typical German folk-tale about a magic ring that could be used to transform a person into a werwolf.--"iyuni", 55a; "Maaseh Book", II, 320 f.; "S. as. B", 1166; "ochmat HaNefesh", 12d; cf. Grimm, Ii, 898; Wuttke, 55;S. as. 1453; "iyuni", 26e; "Hadar Zekenim" on Ex. 8:12; "Daat Zekenim" on Ex. 8:14; "Haayim", IV, 10. Cf. Lea, Iii, 510: \"One precaution, held indispensable by some experienced practitioners, was that the witch on arrest was to be placed immediately in a basket and thus be carried to prison, without allowing her feet to touch the earth, for if she were permitted to do so she could slay her captors with lightning and escape"; cf. also Grimm, Ii, 899, Iii, 444, 30.

3.
\"S. as." 1463, 1465, 1466; Gd. I, 203, n. 8, 204, n. 5, 205, n. 3, Ii, 222, n. 3; "Paanea Raza" on Ex. 22: 17-18, p. 69a; Hansen, 131; Lea, Iii, 405; \"iyuni", 7a, 49c; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 23, 24.

4.
\"S. as." 172, 1467; \"Testament of Judah the Pious", 5; "Rokea", 316, p. 83a; "Toledot Adam veavah", 28:1, p. 182b.

5.
Blau, 18-19, 23 ff.; "Haayim", Iv, 10; \"Nishmat ayim", Iii, 23.

6.
Cf. "S. as." 738, 1458, 1459, 1801, 1819, 1921; Raziel, 7b.

7.
Cf. Scholem in "EJ", IX, 717 ff.; "MGWJ", Lxix (1925), p. 16.

8.
Cf. A. Epstein, "Lekorot HaKabbalah HaAshkenazit," in "Haoker", II (Vienna 1894), 1-11, 37-48; \"JE", Iii, 465 ff.; "EJ", IX, 646 f.; Gd. I, 156 ff.; H. Gross, "Zwei kabbalistische Traditionsketten des R. Eleasar aus Worms, MGWJ", Xlix (1905), 692-700.

9.
Cf. Kammelhar, 3, 4, 42, 43-5; \"Maaseh Book", II, 396 ff., 510 ff.; Scholem, "Kirjath Sepher", IV (Jerusalem 1927), 317; Gaster, "Jewish Folk-Lore in the Middle" Ages, 9 ff.; N. Brll ("Beitrge zur jdischen Sagen- und Spruchkunde im Mittelalter," in "Jahrbcher", Ix [1889], 1-7,) printed many legends from a sixteenth-century manuscript about the wonders performed by Judah the Pious and his disciples.

10.
Joel, I, 85; Blau, 20; "San." 67b and Rashi; "Yore Deah" 179:15.

11.
\"Hadar Zekenim" on Ex. 7:12; S. Has, 211, 212, 1449, 1455; \"Yereim", 82; "Toledot Adam veavah", 17: 5, p. 127b; cf. "Lebush" on "Yore Deah" 179:15.

12.
Rashi on "San." 65b; "Nishmat ayim", Iii, 20; \"Lebush" on "Yore Deah", 179:1.

p. 274

13.
Cf. "Ber Heteb" on "Yore Deah" 179:1 (quoting "Nalat Shivah" by Samuel b. David HaLevi, middle seventeenth century): "The Torah forbade only the magic of ancient times; nowadays there is no more 'magic' in the world, but it is all vanity."

14.
\"Torat HaOlah", Iii, 77. See also Frazer, "The Magic Art", I, 54, 119, and Thorndike, index, s. v. "Occult Virtue."

15.
\"iyuni", 48d, 65d; cf. Bischoff, 31, 74, 169; Thorndike, Ii, 319, also I, 352.

16.
\"S. as. B" 477.

17.
\"S. as B" 1172; "S. as." 210, 211, 379, 1455, 1456; Isserles to "Yore Deah" 179:16; "Piske Recanati" 563 (quoting Eliezer of Metz); Moses Taku, "Oar Nemad", Iii, 82; Gd. I, 168 ff.

18.
\"S. as." 1461; "Niaon" 309; "Orot adikim" 95b; Isserles to "Ora ayim" 664:5; Lauterbach, "HUCA", Ii (1925), 353 f.

19.
\"S. as." 163; cf. also 381.

20.
Gd. I, 222, n. 1; Berliner, "Aus dem Leben", 102; "Minat Kenaot", by Abba Mari of Lunel, Pressburg 1838, p. 29.

21.
\"S. as." 377; cf. "Pes." 110b and Rashbam ad loc.
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