Notes. Part Iii, Chapter I
Part Iii
Chapter I
1 Beyer, p. 99, note 34, and "passim".
2 Schmidt, 1906, "passim".
3 See Note 47, "infra".
4 G. A. Wilken, 18847 p. 232; Kruijt, 1906, p. 467.
p. 328
5 Riedel, 1886, p. 217; Pleyte, 1893, p. 563.
6 The first portion of this myth, i.e. the incident of the lost fish-hook and its recovery, is in one form or other widely spread in Indonesia, outside the Kei Islands occurring also in Halmahera, Soemba, Celebes, and Sumatra. It is likewise known from Japan (Chamberlain, pp. 119 ff.) and the North-West coast of America (see F. Boas, "Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Kste Amerikas", Berlin, 1895, pp. 94, 99, 149, 190, 238, 254, 289, and cf. S. T. Rand, "Legends of the Micmacs", New York, 1894, p. 87).
7 Schwarz and Adriani, ii. 397 ff.
8 Schwarz and Adriani, ii. 389; cf. ib. p. 377, and Graafland, i. 211; Kruijt, 1906, p. 47; Juynboll, p. 327.
9 Cf. Loeang-Sermata, Riedel, 1886, p. 312; Formosa, Davidson, pp. 578 ff.
10 Probably the sky-world.
11 Reiter, p. 236.
12 Bastian, 1894, p. 10; cf. also Union Group, Hutchin, p. 173.
13 Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 156.
14 Furness, p. 6.
15 Cf. Samoa, von Billow, 1899, p. 61.
16 Nieuwenhuis, i. 129.
17 Cf. Nauru, Hambruch, p. 381.
18 For still another version see Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113.
19 Schwaner, i. 177.
20 A serpent with a precious stone in or on its head frequently appears in Indonesian tales: Celebes (Central), Adriani and Kruijt, p. 158; Sangir Islands, Adriani, 1894, p. 33. It is common also among the Malays of the Peninsula (Malacca, Skeat, 1900, p. 303) and is widely current in India (Crooke, ii. 143). From its distribution it seems clear that the idea was introduced into Indonesia from Indian sources.
21 Cf. Schwaner, i. 177.
22 Hupe, p. 138.
23 Schwaner, "loc. cit."
24 Warneck, p. 28; cf. Kdding, p. 405; Pleyte, 1894, p. 52; id. 1895, p. 103.
25 Other versions say the three sons were born from three eggs laid by a giant butterfly and that they received their wives from Mula Dyadi, who sent them down from above.
26 Van der Tuuk, p. 48; Pleyte, 1894, p. 56.
27 Westenberg, p. 214; de Haan, p. 14, Pleyte, 1894, p. 82.
28 See "supra", p. 18.
29 Mindanao (Bilaan), Cole, 1913, p. 136.
30 See "supra", p. 18.
p. 329
31 See "supra", p. 18.
32 Carolines, Walleser, p. 610.
33 Krmer, p. 54; Fraser, 1891, p. 264.
34 Reiter, p. 444; cf. also Society Group, Bovis, p. 45; Philippines, Fraser, 1897, p. 26.
35 Sundermann, 184 p. 449.
36 See "supra", p. 29.
37 Von Blow, 1899, p. 61.
38 See "supra", p. 21.
39 Cf. the myth of the origin of man, as given from the Society Group, "supra", pp. 26 ff.
40 Van Eerde, p. 39.
41 Donleben and Christie, p. 175; cf. also Horner, p. 368.
42 Mindanao (Mandaya), Cole, 1913, p. 173; cf. also (Tagalog) Gardner, p. 112.
43 Riedel, 1869a, p. 265.
44 Agerbeek, p. 153.
45 Igorot, Beyer, p. 94; Seidenadel, p. 487; Jenks, p. 201; Ifugao, Beyer, pp. 101, 113.
46 White, i. 130; Smith, 1913, p. 144; Shortland, p. 22; Wohlers, p. 8.
47 E. Lunet de Lajonquire, "Ethnographie du Tonkin septentrional", Paris, 1906, pp. 234, 262; S. R. Clarke, "Among the Tribes in South-West China", London, 1911, pp. 43 ff.; p. Vial, "Les Lolos; Histoire, murs, langue et criture", Shanghai, 1898 (quoted in "T'oung Pao", II. viii. 666 ff. [1907]); C. Gilhodes, "Mythologie et religion des Kachins," in "Anthropos", iii. 683 ff. (1908).
48 This incident also occurs in the Loeang-Sermata Group; see Riedel, 1886, p. 311.
49 Krmer, p. 516; Sierich, 1902, p. 167.
50 Fison, p. 33.
51 Dunn, p. 16.
52 Horsburgh, p. 20; McDougall, p. 27.
53 Apparently traceable to Muhammadan and Indian influences; see G. A. Wilken, 184 p. 247; and, for an opposite opinion, Schmidt, 1910, p. 7, note 6.
54 Riedel, 1886, pp. 312, 367.
55 See "supra", p. 156.
56 Riedel, 1886, "passim".
57 See "supra", p. 159.
58 Chatelin, p. 110; Sundermann, 1884, p. 449; Modigliani, p. 614.
59 Riedel, 1886, p. 90.
60 Riedel, 1886, p. 217.
61 Riedel, 1886, p. 275.
p. 330
62 See "supra", p. 157.
63 Nieuwenhuisen and Rosenberg, p. 108.
64 Chatelin, p. 110; Sundermann, 1884, p. 349; Lagemann, pp. 341 ff.
65 See previous note.
66 Beyer, p. 101.
67 Riedel, 1886, pp. 190, 218, 247, 275, 289.
68 Riedel, 1886, p. 148.
69 Riedel, 1886, p. 32.
70 Riedel, 1886, p. 3.
71 Riedel, 1886, p. 431.
72 Taylor, p. 197.
73 Hickson, p. 246.
74 Marsden, p. 302.
75 Furness, p. 7; Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113.
76 Schwaner, i. 178.
77 Sundermann, 1884, p. 449.
78 Riedel, 1886 (Amboina), p. 32; Ceram, ib. p. 89; Gorrom, ib. p. 148; Aru Islands, ib. p. 247; Leti, ib. p. 367.
79 Riedel, 1886, p. 190.
80 Riedel, 1886, p. 218.
81 Cf. New Guinea (Elema), Holmes, p. 126.
82 Pleyte, 1895, p. 103.
83 Mindanao (Mandaya), Cole, 1913, p. 173.
84 Schwaner, i. 177 ff.
85 Pleyte, 1894, p. 52.
86 See "supra", p. 157.
87 Taylor, p. 122; Davidson, pp. 578, 580.
88 Beyer, p. 112.
89 Perez, p. 319; Beyer, pp. 94, 96; Jenks, p. 201; Seidenadel, p. 485.
90 Cole, 1913, p. 173.
91 Beyer, p. 101.
92 See "supra", p. 164.
93 Gardner, p. 112.
94 Agerbeek, p. 156.
95 (Bantik) Riedel, 1869a, p. 266.
96 Kruijt, 1906, p. 471; (Loda) van Baarda, p. 444.
97 Hickson, p. 246.
98 Benedict, p. 15.
99 Pleyte, 1894, p. 61.
100 Schwaner, i. 179.
101 Kruijt, 1906, p. 469.
102 Kruijt, 1894, p. 339.
p. 331
103 Furness, p. 11.
104 Dunn, p. 16.
105 Horsburgh, p. 20; cf. also McDougall, p. 27.
106 Evans, p. 423.
107 Cole, 1913, p. 137.
108 For vivification by whipping cf. Soemba, Wielenga, pp. 45, 65, 168.
109 Cole, 1913, p. 164.
110 Seidenadel, p. 487.
111 Chatelin, p. 110.
112 Excrement, Borneo, Sundermann, 1912, p. 172; skin-scurf, Philippines, Cole, 1913, p. 135.
113 Nieuwenhuis, i. 131.
114 Furness, p. 7.
115 Schwaner, i. 180.
116 Cf. the Dusun, in British North Borneo, who declare that animals as well as plants were made from the body of the grandchild of the two great gods (see Evans, p. 478).
117 Beyer, p. 109.
118 Cole, 1913, p. 172.
119 Nieuwenhuis, i. 130.
120 Minahassa, Graafland, i. 232.
121 Cf. the Rarotongan myth in Polynesia (Fraser, 1891, p. 76).
122 Sundermann, 1884, p. 452; Chatelin, p. 114.
123 Cf. Mangaia (Cook Group), where they are the eyes of Vatea (see Gill, 1876, p. 3).
124 Beyer, p. 105.
125 Cf. the sky-cannibals in Maori mythology, "supra", p. 62.
126 Beyer, p. 105.
127 Beyer, p. 89, 105.
128 Benedict, p. 16. It is interesting to find the very same tale in the New Hebrides (see Macdonald, 1892, p. 731).
129 McDougall, p. 27; Fornander, i. 69.
130 Evans, p. 433.
131 Hupe, p. 136; Sundermann, 1912, p. 172.
132 Chatelin, p. 114.
133 Riedel, 1886, p. 311.
134 Beyer, p. 100.
135 Beyer, p. 112.
136 Jenks, p. 201; Seidenadel, p. 485; Beyer, p. 95; Perez, p. 319.
137 Cole, 1915, p. 189.
138 Cole, 1913, p. 164.
139 Cole, 1913, p. 173.
140 Dunn, p. 17; cf. also Hose and Macdougal, ii. 144.
p. 332
141 Evans, p. 469.
142 A similar tale occurs also among the Sea Dyaks (see Perham, in H. L. Roth, 1896, i. 301).
143 Chatelin, p. 115.
144 See "supra", pp. 51. ff.
145 Evans, p. 478.
146 Immortality by casting the skin, as in the case of the snake, is a wide-spread conception, and is especially common in Melanesia (see Part II, Chapter I, Note 54). That immortality was offered to man, but that he failed to hear and come and get the gift, is an idea also found in Melanesia (see New Britain, Bley, p. 198).
147 Chatelin, p. 114.
148 See "supra", pp. 170 ff.
149 Beyer, p. 96; Seidenadel, p. 485.
150 Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904, p. 17; New Guinea (Moresby), Lawes, p. 371; (Kiwai) Chalmers, p. 118.
151 Beyer, p. 102.
152 See "supra", pp. 47.
153 Kruijt, 1894, p. 341.
154 Furness, p. 8.
155 Furness, p. 12.
156 Cf. Nauru, Hambruch, p. 442.
Chapter I
1 Beyer, p. 99, note 34, and "passim".
2 Schmidt, 1906, "passim".
3 See Note 47, "infra".
4 G. A. Wilken, 18847 p. 232; Kruijt, 1906, p. 467.
p. 328
5 Riedel, 1886, p. 217; Pleyte, 1893, p. 563.
6 The first portion of this myth, i.e. the incident of the lost fish-hook and its recovery, is in one form or other widely spread in Indonesia, outside the Kei Islands occurring also in Halmahera, Soemba, Celebes, and Sumatra. It is likewise known from Japan (Chamberlain, pp. 119 ff.) and the North-West coast of America (see F. Boas, "Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Kste Amerikas", Berlin, 1895, pp. 94, 99, 149, 190, 238, 254, 289, and cf. S. T. Rand, "Legends of the Micmacs", New York, 1894, p. 87).
7 Schwarz and Adriani, ii. 397 ff.
8 Schwarz and Adriani, ii. 389; cf. ib. p. 377, and Graafland, i. 211; Kruijt, 1906, p. 47; Juynboll, p. 327.
9 Cf. Loeang-Sermata, Riedel, 1886, p. 312; Formosa, Davidson, pp. 578 ff.
10 Probably the sky-world.
11 Reiter, p. 236.
12 Bastian, 1894, p. 10; cf. also Union Group, Hutchin, p. 173.
13 Banks Islands, Codrington, p. 156.
14 Furness, p. 6.
15 Cf. Samoa, von Billow, 1899, p. 61.
16 Nieuwenhuis, i. 129.
17 Cf. Nauru, Hambruch, p. 381.
18 For still another version see Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113.
19 Schwaner, i. 177.
20 A serpent with a precious stone in or on its head frequently appears in Indonesian tales: Celebes (Central), Adriani and Kruijt, p. 158; Sangir Islands, Adriani, 1894, p. 33. It is common also among the Malays of the Peninsula (Malacca, Skeat, 1900, p. 303) and is widely current in India (Crooke, ii. 143). From its distribution it seems clear that the idea was introduced into Indonesia from Indian sources.
21 Cf. Schwaner, i. 177.
22 Hupe, p. 138.
23 Schwaner, "loc. cit."
24 Warneck, p. 28; cf. Kdding, p. 405; Pleyte, 1894, p. 52; id. 1895, p. 103.
25 Other versions say the three sons were born from three eggs laid by a giant butterfly and that they received their wives from Mula Dyadi, who sent them down from above.
26 Van der Tuuk, p. 48; Pleyte, 1894, p. 56.
27 Westenberg, p. 214; de Haan, p. 14, Pleyte, 1894, p. 82.
28 See "supra", p. 18.
29 Mindanao (Bilaan), Cole, 1913, p. 136.
30 See "supra", p. 18.
p. 329
31 See "supra", p. 18.
32 Carolines, Walleser, p. 610.
33 Krmer, p. 54; Fraser, 1891, p. 264.
34 Reiter, p. 444; cf. also Society Group, Bovis, p. 45; Philippines, Fraser, 1897, p. 26.
35 Sundermann, 184 p. 449.
36 See "supra", p. 29.
37 Von Blow, 1899, p. 61.
38 See "supra", p. 21.
39 Cf. the myth of the origin of man, as given from the Society Group, "supra", pp. 26 ff.
40 Van Eerde, p. 39.
41 Donleben and Christie, p. 175; cf. also Horner, p. 368.
42 Mindanao (Mandaya), Cole, 1913, p. 173; cf. also (Tagalog) Gardner, p. 112.
43 Riedel, 1869a, p. 265.
44 Agerbeek, p. 153.
45 Igorot, Beyer, p. 94; Seidenadel, p. 487; Jenks, p. 201; Ifugao, Beyer, pp. 101, 113.
46 White, i. 130; Smith, 1913, p. 144; Shortland, p. 22; Wohlers, p. 8.
47 E. Lunet de Lajonquire, "Ethnographie du Tonkin septentrional", Paris, 1906, pp. 234, 262; S. R. Clarke, "Among the Tribes in South-West China", London, 1911, pp. 43 ff.; p. Vial, "Les Lolos; Histoire, murs, langue et criture", Shanghai, 1898 (quoted in "T'oung Pao", II. viii. 666 ff. [1907]); C. Gilhodes, "Mythologie et religion des Kachins," in "Anthropos", iii. 683 ff. (1908).
48 This incident also occurs in the Loeang-Sermata Group; see Riedel, 1886, p. 311.
49 Krmer, p. 516; Sierich, 1902, p. 167.
50 Fison, p. 33.
51 Dunn, p. 16.
52 Horsburgh, p. 20; McDougall, p. 27.
53 Apparently traceable to Muhammadan and Indian influences; see G. A. Wilken, 184 p. 247; and, for an opposite opinion, Schmidt, 1910, p. 7, note 6.
54 Riedel, 1886, pp. 312, 367.
55 See "supra", p. 156.
56 Riedel, 1886, "passim".
57 See "supra", p. 159.
58 Chatelin, p. 110; Sundermann, 1884, p. 449; Modigliani, p. 614.
59 Riedel, 1886, p. 90.
60 Riedel, 1886, p. 217.
61 Riedel, 1886, p. 275.
p. 330
62 See "supra", p. 157.
63 Nieuwenhuisen and Rosenberg, p. 108.
64 Chatelin, p. 110; Sundermann, 1884, p. 349; Lagemann, pp. 341 ff.
65 See previous note.
66 Beyer, p. 101.
67 Riedel, 1886, pp. 190, 218, 247, 275, 289.
68 Riedel, 1886, p. 148.
69 Riedel, 1886, p. 32.
70 Riedel, 1886, p. 3.
71 Riedel, 1886, p. 431.
72 Taylor, p. 197.
73 Hickson, p. 246.
74 Marsden, p. 302.
75 Furness, p. 7; Nieuwenhuis, ii. 113.
76 Schwaner, i. 178.
77 Sundermann, 1884, p. 449.
78 Riedel, 1886 (Amboina), p. 32; Ceram, ib. p. 89; Gorrom, ib. p. 148; Aru Islands, ib. p. 247; Leti, ib. p. 367.
79 Riedel, 1886, p. 190.
80 Riedel, 1886, p. 218.
81 Cf. New Guinea (Elema), Holmes, p. 126.
82 Pleyte, 1895, p. 103.
83 Mindanao (Mandaya), Cole, 1913, p. 173.
84 Schwaner, i. 177 ff.
85 Pleyte, 1894, p. 52.
86 See "supra", p. 157.
87 Taylor, p. 122; Davidson, pp. 578, 580.
88 Beyer, p. 112.
89 Perez, p. 319; Beyer, pp. 94, 96; Jenks, p. 201; Seidenadel, p. 485.
90 Cole, 1913, p. 173.
91 Beyer, p. 101.
92 See "supra", p. 164.
93 Gardner, p. 112.
94 Agerbeek, p. 156.
95 (Bantik) Riedel, 1869a, p. 266.
96 Kruijt, 1906, p. 471; (Loda) van Baarda, p. 444.
97 Hickson, p. 246.
98 Benedict, p. 15.
99 Pleyte, 1894, p. 61.
100 Schwaner, i. 179.
101 Kruijt, 1906, p. 469.
102 Kruijt, 1894, p. 339.
p. 331
103 Furness, p. 11.
104 Dunn, p. 16.
105 Horsburgh, p. 20; cf. also McDougall, p. 27.
106 Evans, p. 423.
107 Cole, 1913, p. 137.
108 For vivification by whipping cf. Soemba, Wielenga, pp. 45, 65, 168.
109 Cole, 1913, p. 164.
110 Seidenadel, p. 487.
111 Chatelin, p. 110.
112 Excrement, Borneo, Sundermann, 1912, p. 172; skin-scurf, Philippines, Cole, 1913, p. 135.
113 Nieuwenhuis, i. 131.
114 Furness, p. 7.
115 Schwaner, i. 180.
116 Cf. the Dusun, in British North Borneo, who declare that animals as well as plants were made from the body of the grandchild of the two great gods (see Evans, p. 478).
117 Beyer, p. 109.
118 Cole, 1913, p. 172.
119 Nieuwenhuis, i. 130.
120 Minahassa, Graafland, i. 232.
121 Cf. the Rarotongan myth in Polynesia (Fraser, 1891, p. 76).
122 Sundermann, 1884, p. 452; Chatelin, p. 114.
123 Cf. Mangaia (Cook Group), where they are the eyes of Vatea (see Gill, 1876, p. 3).
124 Beyer, p. 105.
125 Cf. the sky-cannibals in Maori mythology, "supra", p. 62.
126 Beyer, p. 105.
127 Beyer, p. 89, 105.
128 Benedict, p. 16. It is interesting to find the very same tale in the New Hebrides (see Macdonald, 1892, p. 731).
129 McDougall, p. 27; Fornander, i. 69.
130 Evans, p. 433.
131 Hupe, p. 136; Sundermann, 1912, p. 172.
132 Chatelin, p. 114.
133 Riedel, 1886, p. 311.
134 Beyer, p. 100.
135 Beyer, p. 112.
136 Jenks, p. 201; Seidenadel, p. 485; Beyer, p. 95; Perez, p. 319.
137 Cole, 1915, p. 189.
138 Cole, 1913, p. 164.
139 Cole, 1913, p. 173.
140 Dunn, p. 17; cf. also Hose and Macdougal, ii. 144.
p. 332
141 Evans, p. 469.
142 A similar tale occurs also among the Sea Dyaks (see Perham, in H. L. Roth, 1896, i. 301).
143 Chatelin, p. 115.
144 See "supra", pp. 51. ff.
145 Evans, p. 478.
146 Immortality by casting the skin, as in the case of the snake, is a wide-spread conception, and is especially common in Melanesia (see Part II, Chapter I, Note 54). That immortality was offered to man, but that he failed to hear and come and get the gift, is an idea also found in Melanesia (see New Britain, Bley, p. 198).
147 Chatelin, p. 114.
148 See "supra", pp. 170 ff.
149 Beyer, p. 96; Seidenadel, p. 485.
150 Torres Straits, Haddon, 1904, p. 17; New Guinea (Moresby), Lawes, p. 371; (Kiwai) Chalmers, p. 118.
151 Beyer, p. 102.
152 See "supra", pp. 47.
153 Kruijt, 1894, p. 341.
154 Furness, p. 8.
155 Furness, p. 12.
156 Cf. Nauru, Hambruch, p. 442.
