Transcription
Transcription
p. 7
The following alphabet is used in transcribing native words:--
a, e, i, u have their continental sounds (in Chukchee and Koryak always long).
o like "o" in "nor".
obscure vowel (long).
like "a" in make.
A, E, I obscure vowels (short).
like e in bell, but prolonged.
ei a diphthong with an accent on i. It always has a laryngeal intonation, ei?.
o between "o" and "u" long.
mouth in "i" position, lips in "u" position (short).
w, y as in English.
Very long and very short vowels are indicated by the macron and breve respectively.
The diphthongs are formed by combining any of the vowels with "i" and "u". Thus:--
ai like "i" in "hide".
ei like "ei" in "vein".
oi like "oi" in "choice".
au like "ow" in "how".
l as in German.
pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the palate a little above the alveoli of the upper jaw, the back of the tongue free.
L posterior palatal l, surd and exploded (affricative), the tip of the tongue pressed against the hard palate.
posterior palatal l, sonant.
r as in French.
dental with slight trill.
velar.
m as in English.
n as in English
nasal n sound.
n* palatized "n" (similar to "ny").
b, p as in English.
b`, p` d`, d`, g`, k` have a spirant added ("gehauchter Asatz" of Sievers).
v bilabial.
g like "g" in "good".
h as in English.
x like "ch" in German "Bach".
x* like "ch" in German "ich".
p. 8
q velar k.
k as in English.
velar g.
d, t as in English.
d*, t* palatized (similar to "dy" and "ty").
s as in English.
s* palatized (similar to "sy").
palatized German "z".
c like English "sh".
like English "ch".
j like j in French jour.
like j in joy.
c* strongly palatized
* strongly palatized j.
! designates increased stress of articulation.
? a very deep laryngeal intonation.
? a full pause between two vowels: yie?a.
word tale fish| word tale fish