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Transcription

p. 7

The following alphabet is used in transcribing native words:--

a, e, i, u have their continental sounds (in Chukchee and Koryak always long).

o like "o" in "nor".

obscure vowel (long).

like "a" in make.

A, E, I
obscure vowels (short).

like e in bell, but prolonged.

ei a diphthong with an accent on i. It always has a laryngeal intonation, ei?.

o between "o" and "u" long.

mouth in "i" position, lips in "u" position (short).

w, y as in English.

Very long and very short vowels are indicated by the macron and breve respectively.

The diphthongs are formed by combining any of the vowels with "i" and "u". Thus:--

ai like "i" in "hide".

ei like "ei" in "vein".

oi like "oi" in "choice".

au like "ow" in "how".

l as in German.

pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the palate a little above the alveoli of the upper jaw, the back of the tongue free.

L posterior palatal l, surd and exploded (affricative), the tip of the tongue pressed against the hard palate.

posterior palatal l, sonant.

r as in French.

dental with slight trill.

velar.

m as in English.

n as in English

nasal n sound.

n* palatized "n" (similar to "ny").

b, p as in English.

b`, p` d`, d`, g`, k` have a spirant added ("gehauchter Asatz" of Sievers).

v bilabial.

g like "g" in "good".

h as in English.

x like "ch" in German "Bach".

x* like "ch" in German "ich".

p. 8

q velar k.

k as in English.

velar g.

d, t as in English.

d*, t* palatized (similar to "dy" and "ty").

s as in English.

s* palatized (similar to "sy").

palatized German "z".

c like English "sh".

like English "ch".

j like j in French jour.

like j in joy.

c* strongly palatized

* strongly palatized j.

! designates increased stress of articulation.

? a very deep laryngeal intonation.

? a full pause between two vowels: yie?a.
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