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Phonetic Key

p. Viii

Phonetic Key

a longer and shorter forms of the Continental "a", like "a" in far

as in fall

A as in "final"; a close approximation to "u" in cut

e longer and shorter forms of the Continental "e", like a in fate

as in bell

i longer and shorter forms of the Continental "i", like "ee" in street

as in hit

o longer and shorter forms of English "o", as in flow

as in rule

u as in put

u o barely formed "o" and "u" sounds; rather qualities of the preceding consonant sounds than independent vowels

q the velar "k", not found in English

g the velar "g" corresponding to the preceding, not found in English

y a sound similar to but deeper than the preceding, pronounced by the younger Indians almost like English y

x the velar spirant, pronounced like Spanish "j" or German ch

x the palatal spirant, often mistaken for h

c like English "sh" in short

dz as in adze

ts am in sits

dj like English "j" and "dg" in judge

tc like English "ch" in church

L not found in English, but resembling a rapid pronunciation of "t" and "l", or of "k" and l

L not found in English, but resembling a rapid pronunciation of "d" and l

l a spirant belonging to the same series as the preceding; not found in English though often represented by "thl" or hl

t, d, n, s, k, g, h, w, y approximate the sounds for which they stand in English though the agreement is by no means absolute

t!, s!, ts!, tc!, L!, k!, q! are similar to "t", "s", "ts", "tc", "L", "k", "q", but are accompanied by a catch in the breath which sometimes gives the impression of a pause, and sometimes sounds like a sharp click

k*! when "k!" is pronounced very far forward in the mouth it is sometimes set off in this way, but the distinction between the two sounds is by no means clear

Labials are found only in a few words of foreign origin
burnt offerings vs sin offerings bible| burnt offerings vs sin offerings bible
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