Baudhayana. Prasna I, Adhyaya 8, Kandika 16
PRA"S"Na I, Adhyya 8, Ka\"N"D"Ik 16.
1. There are four castes (var"n"a, viz.) Brhma"n"as, Kshatriyas, Vai"s"yas, and "S"dras. 1
2. (Males) belonging to them (may take) wives according to the order of the castes, (viz.) a Brhma"n"a four, 2
3. A Kshatriya three,
4. A Vai"s"ya two,
5. A \"S"dra one.
6. Sons begotten on (wives) of equal or of the next lower castes (are called) Savar"n"as (of equal caste). 6
7. (Those born) of (wives) of the second or third lower castes (become) Ambash"th"as, Ugras, and Nishdas. 7
8. Of females wedded in the inverse order of the castes (are born) yogavas, Mgadhas, Vai"n"as, Kshatt"ri"s, Pulkasas, Kukku"t"akas, Vaidehakas, and "K"a"n"d"las. 8
9. An Ambash"th"a (begets) on a female of the first (caste) a "S"vapka,
10. An Ugra on a female of the second (caste) a Vai"n"a,
11. A Nishda on a female of the third (caste) a Pulkasa.
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12. In the contrary case a Kukku"t"aka (is produced).
13.................. 13
14..................
16. Now they quote also (the following verse).: But those sons whom an uninitiated man begets, the wise call Vrtyas, who are excluded from the Svitr; (that is a rule which refers) in an equal manner to the three (highest) castes.' 16
Footnotes
196:1 16. Vasish"th"a Ii, 1.
196:2-5. Vasish"th"a I, 24--25.
196:6 Gautama Iv, 16.
196:7 Vasish"th"a Xviii, 8.
196:8-12. Vasish"th"a Xviii, 1-6; Gautama Iv, 17-21. In the I. O. copy of the commentary there is a break, which extends from Stra 8 to the beginning of Adhyya 10.
197:13-15. The text of the three Stras is exceedingly corrupt, and the Telugu copy of the commentary affords no help. It is, however, clear that the passage left out contained something which corresponded to Gautama Iv, 22-23, and treated of the possibility of raising persons of a lower caste to a higher one by intermarriages continued for five or seven generations. The reading of K., which perhaps is the best, will show this: 'nishdena nishdyd pa"k"am"g"g"t bhavanti tam upanayet shash"th"am y"g"ayet saptamo 'vik"ri"t"g"sama"m"g"ito saptamau"g"sama ity ekesh"m" sa"m"g" krame"n"a nipatanti.'
197:16 Manu X, 20.
1. There are four castes (var"n"a, viz.) Brhma"n"as, Kshatriyas, Vai"s"yas, and "S"dras. 1
2. (Males) belonging to them (may take) wives according to the order of the castes, (viz.) a Brhma"n"a four, 2
3. A Kshatriya three,
4. A Vai"s"ya two,
5. A \"S"dra one.
6. Sons begotten on (wives) of equal or of the next lower castes (are called) Savar"n"as (of equal caste). 6
7. (Those born) of (wives) of the second or third lower castes (become) Ambash"th"as, Ugras, and Nishdas. 7
8. Of females wedded in the inverse order of the castes (are born) yogavas, Mgadhas, Vai"n"as, Kshatt"ri"s, Pulkasas, Kukku"t"akas, Vaidehakas, and "K"a"n"d"las. 8
9. An Ambash"th"a (begets) on a female of the first (caste) a "S"vapka,
10. An Ugra on a female of the second (caste) a Vai"n"a,
11. A Nishda on a female of the third (caste) a Pulkasa.
p. 197
12. In the contrary case a Kukku"t"aka (is produced).
13.................. 13
14..................
16. Now they quote also (the following verse).: But those sons whom an uninitiated man begets, the wise call Vrtyas, who are excluded from the Svitr; (that is a rule which refers) in an equal manner to the three (highest) castes.' 16
Footnotes
196:1 16. Vasish"th"a Ii, 1.
196:2-5. Vasish"th"a I, 24--25.
196:6 Gautama Iv, 16.
196:7 Vasish"th"a Xviii, 8.
196:8-12. Vasish"th"a Xviii, 1-6; Gautama Iv, 17-21. In the I. O. copy of the commentary there is a break, which extends from Stra 8 to the beginning of Adhyya 10.
197:13-15. The text of the three Stras is exceedingly corrupt, and the Telugu copy of the commentary affords no help. It is, however, clear that the passage left out contained something which corresponded to Gautama Iv, 22-23, and treated of the possibility of raising persons of a lower caste to a higher one by intermarriages continued for five or seven generations. The reading of K., which perhaps is the best, will show this: 'nishdena nishdyd pa"k"am"g"g"t bhavanti tam upanayet shash"th"am y"g"ayet saptamo 'vik"ri"t"g"sama"m"g"ito saptamau"g"sama ity ekesh"m" sa"m"g" krame"n"a nipatanti.'
197:16 Manu X, 20.
